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Consciousness Unit 2 B

Consciousness Unit 2 B . Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception?. Consciousness: our awareness of ourselves and our environment. Cognitive neuroscience: studies the connections between brain activity & mental processes.

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Consciousness Unit 2 B

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  1. ConsciousnessUnit 2 B

  2. Objective 1: What do we mean by consciousness & how does selective attention direct our perception? • Consciousness: • our awareness of ourselves and our environment. • Cognitive neuroscience: • studies the connections between brain activity & mental processes

  3. Selective Attention • Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus • What happens to our attention when on the phone?

  4. Selective Attention and Accidents • Cell phone use and car accidents • Slower to detect & respond to traffic signals (28%) We can only process a tiny sliver of the immense amount of visual stimuli constantly before us.

  5. Who Dunnit? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubNF9QNEQLA How many changes can you detect? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo

  6. Selective Attention • Inattentional blindness • failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

  7. Selective Attention Simon’s Lab http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkrrVozZR2c • Change blindness • A failure to notice a difference in what is there now vs. what was there a moment ago. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0W60BX_6wA BG: Pay Attention 6 min

  8. Objective 2: What is the circadian rhythm & what are the stages of our sleep cycle?

  9. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire • #s1, 2, 10,18 – use number below where you checked time.

  10. Objective 2Sleep stages… • Awake • Alpha waves • Awake but relaxed • Stage 1 • Transition • 1-7 minutes • Light sleep • Hypnagogic sensations • Easy to awaken • Aroused from stage 1 report they were awake

  11. Sleep Stages Stage 2 • Onset of true sleep • Sleep spindles • High frequency bursts of brain activity • Muscle tension, heart rate, respiration, temp start to decline • Some delta waves Stage 3 • Continue to show more delta waves • Stage 4 • Delta waves • REM sleep

  12. Stage 4 • Delta sleep • High amplitude very low frequency (delta) • Deepest stage of sleep; most difficult to wake • Sleepwalking & talking present • Night terrors in children • If awaken, don’t remember

  13. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  14. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  15. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  16. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  17. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  18. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages

  19. REM • Dreams = 20% of sleep time • Eyes move rapidly back & forth • Paradoxical sleep • Brain active body not • Heart rate & blood pressure increase • Lose muscle tension & movement

  20. Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep

  21. Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep

  22. Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep

  23. Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep

  24. Biological Rhythms and SleepTypical Nights Sleep

  25. Why Do We Sleep?Objective 3: How do our sleep patterns differ?What 4 theories describe our need for sleep? • Genetic Forces • age related differences in avg. sleeping time depend upon differences among individuals • Cultural Forces • Those in more modernized cultures sleep less

  26. Circadian rhythm • Internal biological clock • Body rhythms change • temperature, alertness • occurs on a 24 hr cycle • age & experience can alter your circadian rhythm

  27. Biological Rhythms and SleepCircadian Rhythm When light hits the retina, it signals the brain to stop production of LightStops Melatonin = awake

  28. Four Sleep Theories 1. Sleep protects -evolutionary? • Animals sleep patterns fit its place in nature • elephant vs bats • most need to graze/least ability to hide 2. Sleep helps us recover - repair brain tissue 3. Sleep helps memory & creative thinking • proof? 4. Sleep releases growth hormones • Stage 4 – deep sleep • As we age we spend less time in deep sleep (stage 4)

  29. Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major sleep disorders?

  30. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  31. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  32. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  33. Why Do We Sleep?The Effects of Sleep Loss

  34. Weight Gain (ghrelin) • Stress (cortisol) • Insomnia • Narcolepsy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwI • Sleep apnea • Night terrors • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdwYgGXQ5mo

  35. Objective 4: How does sleep loss affect us & what are the major sleep disorders? • Weight Gain • Gherlin • Stress • Cortisol • Irritable • Less Creative • Poor Judgement • Insomnia • Sleep Apnea • Stop breathing • Night Terrors • Stage 4 • Narcolepsy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwI 1 in 10 1 in 20 1 in 2000 Effects of Sleep Debt Sleep Disorders

  36. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GGzc3x9WJU Objective 5:What do we dream about & what are the five theories of dreaming?

  37. Objective 5:What do we dream about & what are the five theories of why we dream? • Manifest Content • Storyline • Daily life works way into dreams • External stimuli works way into dreams Latent Content “Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.”

  38. Objective 5… Theories of Dreaming • To satisfy our own wishes • Freud; psychic safety valve; • Manifest Content / Latent Content • To file away memories • Information processing • Fix the day’s experiences in our minds • To develop/preserve neural pathways • Babies = Lots of REM • To make sense of neural static • Limbic system active during REM (i.e. amygdala) while frontal lobe less active • To reflect cognitive development • Brain maturation Activation Synthesis Theory

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