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«  Youth’s expectations » survey

«  Youth’s expectations » survey. Pretesting In Marrakesh Region , First semester 2012. OVERVIEW. Ocemo : who are we? A medium term project : to produce comparative indicators describing Mediterranean Youth’s expectations A closer look to some questions

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«  Youth’s expectations » survey

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  1. « Youth’s expectations » survey Pretesting In MarrakeshRegion, First semester 2012

  2. OVERVIEW • Ocemo : who are we? • A medium term project : to produce comparative indicators describing Mediterranean Youth’s expectations • A closer look to some questions • A few hypotheses from the pilot study • Two tentative clusterings MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  3. Who WE are: OCEMO… • Stands for Office of Economic Cooperation for the Mediterranean and the Middle East • Is a network of civil society networks, with 4 components : • Investment promotion (Anima network*) • Businesses (chambers of commerce & industry network*) • Education (RMEI*, business schools network*, second chance schools*,…) • Research (Femise network*) * founding members http://www.ocemo.org/ MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  4. OCEMO… • Our work is organised around 2 axes: • Youth axis: • Youth’s expectations survey project : aims at building a comparative database • MED-NC project : a network of New Chances Associations (Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia: providing a second chance to dropouts or unemployed HE graduates) • JEY project: supporting Junior enterprises • Investment axis: • Evaluation of recent reforms in investment policy within the MENA region: a research project • Edile(Economic Development through Inclusive and Local Empowerment) project: development of an analysis reference system to enhance/improve governance mechanisms and to strengthen local authorities and economic organisations’ capabilities MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  5. Ocemo Youthsurveyproject • With the « youth bulge », young people social inclusion became a first priority • Arab spring : Answers to Youth expectations have to be found • Existing (and open-access) data on the subject in the region are scarce : idea of building , in the medium term, a comparative database MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  6. METHODOLOGY (1) • A step by step approach • (1) a pilot, than an experimental survey with a first institutional partner: ONDH (Moroccan Observatory for Human Development) • (2) With the technical support from the HCP Statistical Directorate (who provides the household sample); • (3) Extension from one region to the whole country, if local partners are ready to it; • (4) Search of partners in other countries, in order to transpose the project and provide comparative data. MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  7. METHODOLOGY(2) • Random sampling, face-to-face interview with a high response rate expected (those who do not volunteer or are difficult to reach are different from the others) • Use of international definitions and classifications (to make future adaptations to other countries easier and provide comparability) • Timing of the first experimental survey in Marrakesh: pilot (195 questionnaires) collected in June 2012, then second step of the data collection (now in progress: 1000 questionnaires, first results expected before autumn 2013) MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  8. The QUESTIONNAIRe ADRESSES THREE LINKED DIMENSIONS MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  9. EDUCATION/EMPLOYMENT : CORE of the QUESTIONNAIRE • Module A : Demographic questions • Module B : Labour force status (cf. ILO) • Module C : Employment characteristics (for those who are currently employed), including second job, wages, underemployment, zoom on self-employed and employers) • Module D : Former job (for those who are not currently employed); former experiences of self-employment • Module E : Education and training, end of studies • Module F : General opinions • Module AB: General competencies, living conditions • Module G: Social origin MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  10. A closer look to Some Questions… MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  11. CURRENT JOB • Main occupation • Employment status, type of contract • Location • Industry, size of the local unit, formal or informal sector • Presence of work-related social protection; if not, wish for one • Staff management • Over-qualification? (self-reported) • Hours of work per week, wish for working more • Work income (including second job) • Employment duration Underemployment MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  12. SELF-Employed, EMPLOYERS (main or second JoB) • When did you start this activity/this business? • How many employees do you have? • Do you pay local taxes? • Have you a written cashbook? • Did you create this activity/this business or buy it? If so, from a family member, a former employer, or a stranger? • From where did you get the money to start this activity/this business? • When you started this activity/this business, what were the major obstacles you did encounter? • Now, what are the most difficult obstacles you face in developing your activity/your business? Formal vs informalsector MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  13. Former SELF-Employed, EMPLOYERS • Was it a main job or a second job? • Why did this activity/business end? • lack of training or experience • lack of a proper business network • not enough money • another career or family choice was made If there was a self employment or business creation project who was not carried out, same question about the reasons why MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  14. SELF reported transition pathways • Since you left education, which of the following is the best summary of your work history: • You went back to education • You found a job very fast after you left education (or even before) and you have been employed almost all the time since then • You have been unemployed almost all the time • You have been alternating employment /unemployment spells • It took you some months to find a job, and you have almost never been unemployed since then • You have never been looking for a job (for family reasons or other) • You were first employed or looking for a job, then you stopped • You re-entered the labour market after having been out of the labour force for a while MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  15. COMPUTER SKILLS • How would you qualify your computer skills? • You have no experience in that field • You use computers, but you need often someone else's help • You can use a limited number of software at a basic level • You can use several software fairly well • You are comfortable with a range of computer techniques • You are a computer expert MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  16. The SURVEYED AREA: Marrakeshregion(3,1 millions inhabitants; 10% of the national population - census) MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  17. MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  18. The pilot survey • A sample of 195 young people, not representative of the parent population (a more rural and feminine group), but designed to test and improve the questionnaire and the survey’smethodology • Subjective questions linked to youngpeople’s objective situation • Education and labour force status are the main themes of the individual questionnaire, in order to provideconsistency • A basis to prepare a CAPI (computer assistedpersonalinterviewing) data collection MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  19. Qualitative resultsfrom the pilot survey • Following slides… MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  20. Qualitative ELEMENTS, to be DEALT CAREFULLY AND to be ASSESSED • A strong demand for jobs providing a form of social security (69% of the respondents) • Young men and young women often express different opinions, but not always (their personal life plans are not identical, they have different views about success factors, women are more satisfied with their present situation but have less frequent exchanges with economic or political leaders, they feel less often free to make their own choices in life) • City dwellers don’t hold the same opinions and expectations as countryside people do • Educational groups, taking in account the fact of still being in education or not, produce more contrasts than age groups MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  21. Qualitative elements: MAIN GOAL in LIFE(% of the population as a whole) MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  22. Qualitative elements: Priorities for the country • Aims of country : average scoring * • *first choice scores 3, second 2, third 1 MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  23. Qualitative ELEMENTS : Two TENTATIVE CLUSTERINGS • 4 clusters of transitions pathways (built with self-reported responses, associated to employment or non-employment duration) • 4 clusters based on similar answers to subjective questions • Trends of these groups are compared to the average of the sample MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  24. Four CLUSTERS OF transition pathways (1) • Alternating employment/unemployment (29 young people) : More men, more unsatisfied with their present situation, in households lacking financial means, less optimistic, more in favour of public order as a national priority. They less often think that labour is the key factor of success. They consider moving to another region in Morocco. • Mainly in employment (56 young people) : more rural. First priority to the fight against rising prices. More likely to say that labour is the key factor for success. MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  25. Four CLUSTERS OF transition pathways(2) • Mainly out of employment (65 young people): Mostly females, rural, less in favour of jobs including social security. More likely to say that their household lacks financial means, unlikely to move abroad, • Still in education (40 young people) : urban dwellers, more likely to live in a household having a good income, the most in favour of jobs providing social security, often seeing employment and economic growth as the first priority for the country, often considering moving abroad but not in another region of Morocco. MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  26. Four clusters based on opinions and expectations (1)… • Class 1 (40 young people) : precariousness • Opinions: average or bad income; less in demand for jobs providing social security. Their personal life plans are more focused on the family. For them, labour is the key factor of success. They are more likely to say that the fight against corruption is the national priority. They are not considering international nor internal migrations. • Characteristics: more likely to have never attended school, more rural, more often married and living in their own household. More often unemployed or out of the labour force. • Class 2 (22 young people ) : upward social mobility Opinions: Almost always, they say that they have a better social status than their parents and their household’s income is good or very good. Having a job providing social rights is very important for them. Their personal life plans are focused on their occupational career. For them, success is entirely or mainly a labour outcome. They have frequent exchanges with political or economic leaders. For them, employment and economic growth are the first national priority. They are more likely to move in another country Characteristics: Mostly men, unmarried, living in their parents’ household. More educated than the average, still in education or not. Rarely unemployed or out of the labour force, even less alternating employment/unemployment. MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  27. Four clusters based on opinions and expectations (2)… • Class 3 (40 young people) : middle/upper class • Opinions : their social status is better than their parents’, their income is good/very good. Their personal life project is often outside family and work (their main goal is to make money). Employment is the first national priority, according to them. They rarely plan a future international migration . • Characteristics: 75 % of women, a majority of people unemployed or out of the labour force. • Class 4 (46 young people) : social networks are the key factor of success • Opinions: they face downward social mobility. High demand for jobs providing social rights. Almost all of them say that social networks are the key factor of success. • Characteristicsmore often unmarried. Less likely to have stable jobs, more likely to be still in education. MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  28. To sum up… • Links existbetween opinions, objective characteristics and pathways, but no determinism (to beassessedwith the sample of 1000 young people) • Numerous dimensions remainunexplored (the pilot sampleistoosmall) : informalactivities, self-employment, second jobs, quality of jobs, opinions about education/training,…: to bediscussed in a future Labour statisticsworking group (see Friday 15/3 agenda)? • The second step of the surveyisstillahead: Autumn 2013 for resultsinvolving the wholesample? MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

  29. Thankyou for your attention! MEDSTAT WORKSHOP, 13/03/2013

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