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UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: Thailand Country Report

UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: Thailand Country Report. Charas Suwanwela 2008 ASAIHL Conference on University Autonomy: Interpretation and Variations Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 12 December 2008. Historical Perspective. CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY Established 1917 with special Charter

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UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: Thailand Country Report

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  1. UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY:Thailand Country Report Charas Suwanwela 2008 ASAIHL Conference on University Autonomy: Interpretation and Variations Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 12 December 2008

  2. Historical Perspective CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY Established 1917 with special Charter providing certain degree of autonomy from Government’s civil services. THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY Established 1934 after the Revolution with special Charter outside the civil service system. New universities established each with own charters.

  3. 1943 : Universities seen as a tool for development in Ministries. Universities became specialized (Medical Sc., Agriculture, Fine Arts) & moved to be within Ministries. 1959: Creation of National Economic Development Board. Emphasis given to National Development. Universities moved to be directly under the Prime Minister.

  4. 1972 : Creation of Ministry of University Affairs to oversee Universities. 2003 : Merging of Ministry of University Affairs and Ministry of Education. UNIVERSITIES WERE IN CIVIL SERVICE OR BUREAUCRATIC SYSTEM.

  5. The Change 1969 and many times later : Academics and university administrators pushed for more autonomy of universities. 1990:Suranaree University of Technology Established as the first “Autonomous university”. Outside the Civil Service System. Financial support from Government’s budget for basic works, but granted freedom on financial, academic and personnel management.

  6. The Change Charters of 4 new and 6 old universities were set or changed to be “autonomous” . Many universities remain in the civil service system, but given more autonomy in management. 2008: 78 Public Higher Educational Institutions ----11 Autonomous Universities

  7. 1989 : Private Higher Educational Institution Act Private universities and colleges allowed. Autonomous in financial and personnel management. Academic programs regulated by the Higher Education Commission. 2008 : 68 Private universities and colleges.

  8. FREEDOM enjoyed even before the CHANGE ACADEMIC FREEDOM # Selection of research topics and making public of research results # Making opinion in public by academics # Academic discussion and debates on matters of public concern (democracy, political ethics, public policies etc.) # Making public opinion polls (Suan Dusit Rajabhat UniversityPolls)

  9. FREEDOM enjoyed even before the CHANGE UNIVERSITY CHARTER Provision for all universities Selection and appointment of University Council Members and University President by process inside the university with no interference from politicians. (Appointment by Royal Proclamation submitted through the bureaucratic system)

  10. "Autonomous University" The Change Full responsibility rests on the university council for policy direction and oversight Roles and functions of university council: GOOD GOVERNANCE # Set goals, policies and direction of university # Set rules and regulations for the operation of university # Set the structure and components of university including creating and abolition of faculties/ units # Select and appoint university president # Grant degrees and qualifications # Approve budget and oversee operations # Invest or jointly invest including setting legal entities

  11. 1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM 2. FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY 3. FROM CENTRAL CONTROL FOR EFFICIENCY AND IDENTITY 4. MANAGERIALISM AND MARKET FORCES COLLEGIALISM 55. WORLD-CLASS (HEGEMONY) LOCAL RELEVANCE

  12. GOVERNMENT & STATE vs H E INSTITUTIONS & ACADEMICS 1. ACADEMICS vs PEERS ACADEMIC FREEDOM UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATORS vs ACADEMICS EXTERNAL FACTORS vs ACADEMICS C.S.: Academic Freedom in Countries of Asia, UNESCO APIED Paper # 5, 2005

  13. 1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM 2. FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY MANAGERIALISM COLLEGIALISM

  14. FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY AUTONOMY 3. FROM CENTRAL CONTROL FOR EFFICIENCY AND IDENTITY UNIVERSITY U Management of commonality Management of diversity

  15. FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY AUTONOMY 3. FROM CENTRAL CONTROL FOR EFFICIENCY AND IDENTITY UNIVERSITY U SELF-DETERMINATION UNIQUENESS COMPETITIVENESS

  16. 4. MANAGERIALISM AND MARKET FORCES COLLEGIALISM 1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM 2. FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY 3. FROM CENTRAL CONTROL FOR EFFICIENCY AND IDENTITY

  17. 4. MANAGERIALISM AND MARKET FORCES COLLEGIALISM 5. WORLD-CLASS (HEGEMONY) LOCAL RELEVANCE OPPORTUNITIES SELF-DETERMINATION SELF-RELIANCE 1.FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM 2. FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY 3. FROM CENTRAL CONTROL FOR EFFICIENCY AND IDENTITY

  18. GOVERNANCE BY-LAW UNIVERSITY COUNCIL INFORMATION REPORT ISSUES FUNCTIONS: POLICY REGULATION DECISIONS SUPPORT OVERSIGHT & AUDITING PRESIDENT & TEAM INTERNAL ORGANS

  19. 1. QUALITIES: VISION, COURAGE, MORALITY, INTEGRITY etc BROADMINDEDNESS, SELFLESSNESS, INTEGRITY, SENSE OF PURPOSE, PROPORTION, JUSTICE, KINDNESS, COMMAND RESPECT OF COLLEAGUE etc PARTICIPATORY LEADERSHIP HUMAN RELATION, COMMAND RESPECT OF OTHERS OUTSIDE CONTACT & CONNECTION PRESIDENT LEADERSHIP

  20. “A BLINDSPOT ON THE WAY TO GOOD GOVERNANCE.” 1. ACCOMPLISHMENT ACCORDING TO MISSION 2. EFFICIENCY IN MANAGEMENT 3. SOUND JUDGEMENT (ACCOUNTABILITY) 4. TRANSPARENCY 5. HONESTY 6. DISTRIBUTED AUTHORITIES 7. PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT 8. BALANCE OF POWER GOVERNANCE

  21. “NEW GOVERNANCE”(John Carver) PROACTIVE APPROACHES RIGOROUS AND POWERFUL DELIBERATION OUTPUT ORIENTATION “UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY WITHOUT GOOD GOVERNANCE COULD BE DANGEROUS !” GOVERNANCE

  22. RESOURCES

  23. RESOURCES CAPABILITIES for RESOURCE MOBILIZATION = POSSIBILITIES OF SUCCESS • ENDOWMENT • GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES/SUPPORT • INVESTMENTS • TUITION FEES • RESEARCH GRANTS • INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT • DONATIONS • Etc.

  24. THE STRUCTURE AND OPERATING SYSTEM MAY NEED TO BE CHANGED. TO BE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT DECENTRALIZATION & SHARING OF RESPONSIBILITIES MANAGEMENT CAPACITY OF PERIPHERAL UNITS STRUCTURE & OPERATING SYSTEM MANAGERIALISM COLLEGIALISM

  25. 1. FOR ACADEMIC FREEDOM UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY 2. FROM BUREAUCRACY FOR EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY 3. FROM CENTRAL CONTROL FOR EFFICIENCY AND IDENTITY 4.MANAGERIALISM 5. GLOBALIZATION SUCCESSFUL AUTONOMY

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