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WARM UP AUG 6

WARM UP AUG 6. WHY SHOULD WE STUDY ABOUT ANIMALS? WHAT IS ZOOLOGY? ARE YOU ALLOWED TO EAT OR DRINK IN THIS CLASS?. Zoology- the study of Animals. Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html. Animals. Invertebrates (animals without a backbone). Porifera Cnidaria Worms

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WARM UP AUG 6

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  1. WARM UP AUG 6 WHY SHOULD WE STUDY ABOUT ANIMALS? WHAT IS ZOOLOGY? ARE YOU ALLOWED TO EAT OR DRINK IN THIS CLASS?

  2. Zoology-the study of Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html

  3. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) PoriferaCnidaria Worms Mollusks EchinodermsArthropods

  4. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones FishAmphibians Reptiles BirdsMammals

  5. Animal Groups Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html

  6. Characteristics of ALL Animals: EUKARYOTES • Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs HETEROTROPHIC MULTICELLULAR SPECIALIZATION

  7. Characteristics of ALL Animals: MOVE 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger • Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual) DNA REPRODUCE

  8. 10 Body Systems : INTEGUMENTARY 1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.php Fish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpg Cardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg

  9. 10 Body Systems : DIGESTIVE 2. _________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm

  10. NO OPENINGS:Food enters through skin

  11. Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

  12. Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

  13. Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs)

  14. 10 Body Systems : CIRCULATORY 3. __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ CLOSED OPEN Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

  15. 10 Body Systems : RESPIRATORY • Exchange gases with the • environment • take in oxygen • get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia) 4. ___________________ Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif

  16. 10 Body Systems : 5. ___________________ • Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells • Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________) EXCRETORY OSMOREGULATION

  17. NITROGEN WASTE : AMMONIA _________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute _________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) _________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute) UREA URIC ACID

  18. http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPGhttp://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG NITROGEN WASTE

  19. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! made by cells from break down of proteins left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system Handled by excretory system Feces (poop) ammonia, urea, or uric acid

  20. 10 Body Systems : SKELETAL 6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ ENDOSKELETON EXOSKELETON Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif

  21. Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html 10 Body Systems : MUSCULAR 7. _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif

  22. 10 Body Systems : REPRODUCTIVE 8. _____________________ - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________ ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

  23. 10 Body Systems : INDIRECT ______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult __________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Frog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co DIRECT Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

  24. Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ External fertilization Internal fertilization Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif

  25. 9. ___________________ Receive sensory infoabout environment & send response signals NERVOUS http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg

  26. CLOSING • LIST 3 BODY SYSTEMS • LIST THE 2 MAIN TYPES OF ANIMALS • WHAT IS ZOOLOGY?

  27. ENDOCRINE 10. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg

  28. Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

  29. ASYMMETRY ___________________No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm

  30. Radial _______ Symmetry Jelly fish image: http://www.redfishbluefish.com/BellaLuz/Jellyfish.jpg Get 2 identical halves in several directions. http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm Image from: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/

  31. Bilateral ___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction Image from: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm

  32. 3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml • Where does BLASTOPORE end up? • What do embryos look like as they divide? • When do cells decide what they will be?

  33. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system  Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

  34. Where does BLASTOPORE end up?  Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

  35. What do embryos look like as they divide? SPIRAL RADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif

  36. When do cells decide what they will become? Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

  37. Cells decide early Cells decide later Removing cell OK Removing cell causes death DETERMINATE INDETERMINATE Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg

  38. THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM!

  39. ANIMALS DEUTEROSTOMES PROTOSTOMES Blastopore becomes ANUS Blastopore becomes MOUTH Decide later(INDETERMINATE) Decide very early (DETERMINATE) RADIAL cleavage SPIRAL cleavage ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals)plus ECHINODERMS ALL INVERTEBRATESexcept ECHINODERMS

  40. EMBRYOLOGY Echinoderms __________________ are the “exception to the rule”! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________ DEUTEROSTOMES Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/Critters/Starfish%20Bloody%20Henry.JPG

  41. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system  Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

  42. All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Digestive system, respiratory Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

  43. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm ACOELOM = “without space”

  44. FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

  45. Types of Coeloms (See-Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm PSEUDOCOELOM

  46. ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

  47. Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

  48. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!

  49. 3 Types of Coeloms ACOELOM EUCOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg

  50. Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): Provides space for internal organs In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells

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