1 / 10

Early Islamic Empires After Muhammad

Early Islamic Empires After Muhammad. New Leader- Abu Bakr. After Muhammad’s death, many Muslims chose Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad’s first converts, to be the next leader of Islam. He was the first caliph (“successor”)- a title the Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam.

lucas-haynes
Download Presentation

Early Islamic Empires After Muhammad

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Early Islamic Empires After Muhammad

  2. New Leader- Abu Bakr • After Muhammad’s death, many Muslims chose Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad’s first converts, to be the next leader of Islam. • He was the first caliph (“successor”)- a title the Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam. • Abu Bakr was a political and military leader, not a religious leader. • He directed a series of battles against the Arab tribes and made Arabia a unified Muslim state.

  3. Growing Empire Many different factors contributed to the growth of the Islamic empire: • The Muslims defeated many empires around the Arabian peninsula 2. They made treaties with conquered people • Included rules for Jews and Christians • They could not build churches in Muslim cities or dress like Muslims

  4. Growing Empire cont. • Defeated Persia in A.D. 637 (Iraq/Iran) • Captured Jerusalem in A.D. 638 • Early caliphs came from the Umayyad family. • They moved their capital from Medina to Damascus • They conquered Central Asia, northern India, and northern Africa

  5. Growing Empire cont. • Berbers- native people of North Africa • They were originally enemies • After many years of fighting, many Berbers converted to Islam • They helped the Muslims invade Spain in A.D. 711 • The army moved on to present day France but were stopped by a Christian army • Muslims called Moors continued to rule parts of Spain for the next 700 years

  6. Trade Helps Islam Spread • Due to Arabia’s crossroads location, Muslim merchants had easy access to South Asia, Europe, and Africa • Merchants spread Islamic beliefs to India, Africa, Malaysia, and Indonesia

  7. New Products • Trade brought new products to Muslim lands • Paper and gunpowder- came from China • Cotton, rice, and oranges- came from India, China, and Southeast Asia • Ivory, cloves, and slaves- came from Africa

  8. The Growth of Cities • In addition to bringing people, products, and ideas together, trade also created wealth, which supported great cultural developments in two major cities: • Baghdad (Iraq) • Cordoba (Spain)

  9. Baghdad (Iraq) • Became the capital of the Islamic Empire in 762 • Major trading and agricultural center • Known as “the round city” because 3 walls surrounded it. The caliph’s palace took up 1/3 of the city • Cultural center • Hospital and observatory • Library used as a University • Many artists and writers present

  10. Cordoba (Spain) • Became the capital of what is now Spain in A.D. 756 • By the 900’s, Cordoba became the largest most advanced city in Europe • Mansions and mosques • Busy markets and shops • Aqueducts • Public water and lighting • Center of learning • University drew many men and women • Arabic became the language of scholars

More Related