1 / 35

APUSH Party Systems

APUSH Party Systems. A Review of the American Political Systems AP U.S. History. FIRST PARTY SYSTEM 1789 – 1824 Major Issues and Characteristics. Scope and Power of the Federal Government Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Marbury v. Madison (1803) Hamilton Economic Plans

lstromberg
Download Presentation

APUSH Party Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. APUSHParty Systems A Review of the American Political Systems AP U.S. History

  2. FIRST PARTY SYSTEM1789 – 1824Major Issues and Characteristics • Scope and Power of the Federal Government • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Hamilton Economic Plans • Bank of the United States (BUS) • Tariffs • Excise taxes • French Revolution • Alien and Sedition Acts • Louisiana Purchase • War of 1812 • Dominated primarily by foreign policy issues until after War of 1812 • Party caucuses chose presidential nominees • Limited electorate – property requirements for voting • No traditional party loyalties to build support • Network of newspapers • Federal Government Dominance • Federalist dominance from 1789 to 1800 • Democratic-Republican dominance of Congress and White House from 1800 to 1824 • Federalist dominance of Federal Judiciary 1789 to 1833 • Era of Good Feelings (1816-1824) • D-R virtually only national party

  3. FIRST PARTY SYSTEM1789 – 1824Major Party Comparison Federalists Democratic-Republicans aka Republicans States’ rights and weak central government Strict constructionists Agriculture (planters, farmers) Party of individual liberties, republicanism, popular democracy South and Mid-Atlantic Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Albert Gallatin Appealed to a broader popular base • Strong central government • Broad interpretation of the Constitution/implied powers • Hamilton economic plans • Banking, commerce, manufacturing • Party of order and good government • New England • Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall • Appealed to elites

  4. FIRST PARTY SYSTEM1789 – 1824Turning Point • REALIGNMENT Election of 1800 • Democratic-Republicans won majorities in Congress • Jefferson won the White House

  5. FIRST PARTY SYSTEM1789 – 1824Turning Point • War of 1812 • Dem-Rep War Hawks • Federalists opposed the war • Hartford Convention (1814) • Federalist talk of secession • Federalist Party viewed as traitorous and weakened as a national party

  6. FIRST PARTY SYSTEM1789 – 1824Presidents • George Washington (1789-1797) – Non-Partisan* • * - leaned toward Federalist policies • John Adams (1797-1801) – Federalist • Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) – Democratic-Republican • James Madison (1809-1817) – Democratic-Republican • James Monroe (1817-1825) – Democratic-Republican

  7. SECOND PARTY SYSTEM1824 - 1860Turning Point • REALIGNMENT Election of 1824 • Democratic-Republicans split into factions • Old Guard to preserve Jeffersonian principles • Some D-R’s adopt Federalist/Hamiltonian-type policies • “Corrupt Bargain” • Inspires Jackson Democrats

  8. SECOND PARTY SYSTEM1824 – 1860Major Issues and Characteristics • Bank War • Nullification Crisis • Manifest Destiny • Oregon Territory • Mexican-American War • Sectionalism and Slavery • Abolitionism • Compromise of 1850 • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Dred Scott case (1857) • Universal male suffrage • Mass-based party organization and popular campaign styles • National conventions • Campaign rallies and slogans • “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” • National network of newspapers • Two-party system spread to all regions and states; not overwhelmingly dominated by one party • Party loyalty • Spoils system • Straight ticket voting at all political levels • Rise of professional politicians • Minor Parties • Liberty Party • Free Soil Party • Know Nothing Party • Anti-Masonic Party • Highly competitive elections • Democrats particularly dominant in 1850s

  9. SECOND PARTY SYSTEM1824 - 1860Major Party Comparison National Republicans/Whigs Democrats States’ rights Low tariffs Slave Power Advocated western expansion A powerful executive branch/President Party of Jefferson and tradition Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk Appealed to planters, yeoman farmers, artisans, working class, immigrants, Catholics • American System • National bank • Infrastructure • Protective tariffs • Ambivalent and split on slavery • Conscience Whigs and Cotton Whigs • Advocated internal development • A powerful legislative branch/Congress • Party of modernity • Henry Clay, Daniel Webster • Appealed to modernizers, industrialists, businessmen, bankers, commercial farmers, Protestant evangelists

  10. SECOND PARTY SYSTEM1824 - 1860Turning Point • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Whigs virtually ended as a national party • Helps to build a coalition of Anti-slave Democrats, Conscience Whigs, Free Soilers, and abolitionists • Republican Party forms in 1854

  11. SECOND PARTY SYSTEM1824 – 1860Presidents • John Quincy Adams (1789-1797) – National Republican • Andrew Jackson (1797-1801) – Democrat • Martin van Buren (1837-1841) – Democrat • William Henry Harrison (1841) – Whig • John Tyler (1841-1845) – Whig* • * - kicked out by Whig party for Democrat leaning policies • James K. Polk (1845-1849) – Democrat • Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) – Whig • Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) – Whig • Franklin Pierce (1853-1857) – Democrat • James Buchanan (1857-1861) – Democrat

  12. THIRD PARTY SYSTEM1860 - 1896Turning Point • REALIGNMENT Election of 1860 • Ascendance of the Republican Party

  13. THIRD PARTY SYSTEM1860 - 1896Major Issues and Characteristics • Civil War • Reconstruction • Compromise of 1877 • Gilded Age Industrialization • Civil Service Reform • Tariffs • Panic of 1893 • Political Party Machines/Boss Politics • Extremely competitive elections • High voter turnout rates • Mass-based party organization and popular campaign styles • National conventions • Campaign rallies and slogans • “waving the bloody shirt” • National network of newspapers • Party loyalty • Spoils system • Straight ticket voting at all political levels • Republicans dominated White House and Senate • Democrats tended to control the House of Representatives after 1877 • Civil War and Reconstruction dominated from 1860 to 1877 • Tariffs and business expansion dominated from 1865 to 1896 • Both parties encouraged pro-business expansion

  14. THIRD PARTY SYSTEM1860 - 1896Major Party Comparison Republicans (GOP) Democrats Laissez-faire policies Low tariffs Solid South Liturgical denominations and sects (Catholics) Bourbon Democrats – pro-business Democrats Redeemer Democrats – Southern Democrats return to power in Solid South Appealed to traditional laissez-faire Democrats, small farmers, unskilled labor, urban immigrants • National policies • Homestead Act • Land grants and infrastructure (railroads) • Protective tariffs • Hard money policies/gold standard • Northeast • Pietistic denominations and sects (Methodists, Congregationalists) • Split over civil service reform • Stalwarts – supported patronage • Half-breeds – civil service reform • Mugwumps– frustrated with GOP corruption • Appealed to businessmen, industrialists, professionals, scalawags, carpetbaggers, blacks/freedmen

  15. THIRD PARTY SYSTEM1860 - 1896Turning Point • Civil War • Southern states seceding weakened Solid South faction of Democrats in Congress • Republicans dominated federal government from 1860 to 1877 • Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, Fifteenth Amendment • Radical Reconstruction

  16. THIRD PARTY SYSTEM1860 - 1896Turning Point • Compromise of 1877 • Election of 1876 controversy • Federal troops withdrawn from South • Reconstruction ends • Redeemer Democrats return to power in South • Leads to Jim Crow laws

  17. THIRD PARTY SYSTEM1860 – 1896Presidents • Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865) – Republican • Andrew Johnson (1865-1869) – Democrat* • * Joined Lincoln as party of Union party during Civil War • Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) – Republican • Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) – Republican • James Garfield (1881) – Republican • Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) – Republican • Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) – Democrat • Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) – Republican • Grover Cleveland (1893-1897) – Democrat

  18. FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM1896 - 1932Turning Point • REALIGNMENT Election of 1896 • Corporate Business of McKinley vs. Populism of William Jennings Bryan • Republican campaign tactics • Campaign donations from big business and wealthy elites • Democrat campaign tactics • Cross-country tours • Stump speeches

  19. FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM1896 - 1932Major Issues and Characteristics • Imperialism • Spanish-American War • Progressive Era Reforms (1900-1920) • Prohibition • Women’s suffrage • Roaring Twenties • World War I/League of Nations • Great Depression • Foundation for developing welfare state and increased government intervention • New Nationalism and New Freedom • Weakening of Patronage and Boss Politics • Civil Service Reform • Australian/secret ballot • Direct Primary elections • Scientific management applied to local/state government; non-partisan local elections • City manager system • Both parties assumed more centrist positions and approaches • Return of one-party dominated states • GOP dominant in Northeast • Democrat Solid South • Relatively lower voter turnout • Virtually dominated by the Republican Party • Woodrow Wilson (D) wins White House primarily of GOP split in Election of 1912 • Conservative Republicans emphasized pro-business and laissez-faire policies during 1920s

  20. FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM1896 - 1932Major Party Comparison Republicans (GOP) Democrats Assumed Populist and progressive agendas Woodrow Wilson, William Jennings Bryan, Benjamin Tillman Appealed to western farmers, immigrants, Catholics, urban Tended to be anti-imperialist While mixed on Prohibition, eventually assumed anti-Prohibition prior to 1932 • Party of big business and laissez-faire economic policies • Progressive Republicans • William McKinley, Mark Hanna, Theodore Roosevelt, Robert LaFollette, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover • Appealed to businessmen, corporations, • Advocated pro-imperialist policies • Supported Prohibition

  21. FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM1896 - 1932Turning Point • Assassination of William McKinley (1901) • Results in Theodore Roosevelt ascension to presidency • Launches Progressive reforms at federal level

  22. FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM1896 - 1932Turning Point • Crash of 1929 • Americans blamed GOP policies and Herbert Hoover • Led to default victory of FDR and Democrats in Election of 1932

  23. FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM1896 – 1932Presidents William McKinley (1897-1901) – Republican Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) – Republican William Howard Taft (1909-1913) – Republican Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) – Democrat Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) – Republican Calvin Coolidge (1923 -1929) – Republican Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) - Republican

  24. FIFTH PARTY SYSTEM1932 - 1968Turning Point • REALIGNMENT Election of 1932 • Great Depression blame on Republicans • Democratic majorities in Congress • Franklin D. Roosevelt wins White House • New Deal Coalition

  25. FIFTH PARTY SYSTEM1932 - 1968Major Issues and Characteristics • New Deal • World War II • Cold War • Korean War • Civil Rights Movements • Great Society • Vietnam • Major shift toward liberal policies and increased federal government intervention in American society; establishment of American welfare state • Development of New Deal Coalition • Democrat dominance in the White House and Congress • Republicans on the brink of collapse from 1940s to early 1960s • Eisenhower preserved New Deal policies • Candidate-centered campaigning • Radio – Fireside chats • Television – commercials, debates

  26. FIFTH PARTY SYSTEM1932 - 1968Major Party Comparison Republicans (GOP) Democrats New Deal Coalition Blacks, intellectuals, progressives, urban party machines, immigrants, labor unions and working class, lower class, Southern conservatives, populist farmers, Catholics Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson Dominant in South Democrat assumption of civil rights disgruntled Southern Democrats aka Dixiecrats • Economic conservatism and laissez-faire policies • Robert Taft, Barry Goldwater; Dwight D. Eisenhower, Nelson Rockefeller, Richard Nixon • Regional bases in Northeast and Midwest

  27. FIFTH PARTY SYSTEM1932 - 1968Turning Point • Election of 1948 • Dixiecrats led by Strom Thurmond disgruntled with Democratic Party • New Deal increasing federal government intervention • Democrats assuming civil rights initiatives

  28. FIFTH PARTY SYSTEM1932 – 1968Presidents • Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) – Democrat • Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) – Democrat • Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) – Republican • John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) – Democrat • Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) - Democrat

  29. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 - PresentTurning Point • REALIGNMENT Election of 1968 • Nixon’s “Law and Order” and Southern Strategy • George Wallace and American Independent Party signal end of Democrat dominance in Southeast • Nixon will initiate New Federalism, devolution

  30. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 - PresentMajor Issues and Characteristics • Vietnam • Cold War • Civil Rights Movements • Stagflation • Roe v. Wade • Globalization • War on Terror • Frequent divided governments • Increased role of Independents • Split-ticket voting • Party primaries nominate presidential candidates • Center-right approach to public policy • Increased role of Christian conservatives in politics • ”Solid South” aligns with Republican Party • Emergence of gender gap

  31. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 - PresentMajor Party Comparison Republicans (GOP) Democrats Keynesian policies and social welfare programs Multinationalism New Democrats Bill Clinton Northeast, Pacific coast, urban centers Appealed to urbanites, blacks, liberals, professionals • New Federalism; devolution • Supply-side economics • American exceptionalism • Neoconservatism • Midwest, Mountain, and Southeast/Bible Belt (formerly the Solid South), rural areas, suburbia • Appealed to affluent middle and upper classes, corporates, working-class social conservatives, Christian conservatives

  32. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 - PresentTurning Point • Roe v. Wade • Galvanized American Christian conservatives • Moral Majority and Jerry Falwell

  33. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 - PresentTurning Point • Election of 1980 • Addition of Moral Majority/Christian Coalition to Republican base

  34. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 - PresentTurning Point • Mid-Term Elections of 1994 • “Republican Revolution” • Contract with America • Ends Democratic dominance of Congress and state legislatures, especially in the South

  35. SIXTH PARTY SYSTEM1968 – PresentPresidents Richard Nixon (1969-1974) – Republican Gerald Ford (1974-1977) – Republican Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) – Democrat Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) – Republican George H.W. Bush (1989-1993) – Republican Bill Clinton (1993-2001) – Democrat George W. Bush (2001-2009) – Republican Barack Obama (2009-2017) – Democrat Donald Trump (2017-????) - Republican

More Related