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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives. Recognize the importance of computer literacy. Define the term computer and identify its components. Explain why a computer is a powerful tool. Recognize the purpose of a network.

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

  2. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer and identify its components Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Distinguish between installing and running a program Identify the types of software

  3. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Describe the categories of computers Determine how the elements of an information system interact

  4. Computer Literacy Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

  5. Definition of a Computer Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory • Accepts data • Raw facts, figures, and symbols • Processes data into information • Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Produces and stores results

  6. The Information Processing Cycle Input Process Output Storage

  7. Hardware Software Instructions that tell hardware how to perform tasks Electronic and mechanical equipment Hardware and Software

  8. The Components of a Computer Input Devices Hardware used to enter data and instructions

  9. The Components of a Computer Output Devices Hardware that conveys information to a user

  10. The Components of a Computer System Unit Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data The system unit contains the motherboard

  11. The Components of a Computer The Motherboard The two main components on the motherboard are; Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions

  12. The Integrated Circuit The devices that make all modern electronics possible

  13. The Integrated Circuit Device with microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents

  14. Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Storage Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use. Storage systems are made up of two parts; Storage media Storage device

  15. Types of Storage Hard Drive

  16. Types of Storage CD/DVD

  17. Types of Storage USB flash drives

  18. Types of Storage Flash memory cards

  19. ReliabilityandConsistency Storage Speed Communications What makes a computer powerful? Accuracy

  20. Communications Device Enables a connection between computers One type is a modem Networks A collection of computers and devices connected together Made up of two parts;

  21. Communications Media Cables Satellites Cellular radio Telephone lines Networks A collection of computers and devices connected together Made up of two parts;

  22. To Share Hardware devices To Save Time and Money Data Resources Software programs Information Networks The reasons to network computers

  23. A Workgroup Network • Simple to design and implement • Localized security • Convenient for smaller networks; does not scale well

  24. A Domain Network • More complex to design and implement • Centralized security • Required for large networks; scales very well

  25. Networks Local area network (LAN) Network in limited geographical area such as home or office building Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in city or town

  26. Networks Wide area network (WAN) Network that covers large geographic area using many types of media Internet is world’s largest WAN

  27. The Internet The Internet is a Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers

  28. The Internet Why do users access the Internet? Communications Information Sharing Ecommerce Entertainment

  29. The Internet The World Wide Web (WWW) is a major component of the Internet The WWW is made up or billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet Web Page Contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages Web Site A collection of related Web pages

  30. Software A software program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do User Interface Allows you to interact with the software There are two types of interfaces; Command line Graphical User Interface (GUI) Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons

  31. Software System Software Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices There are two part to system software; Operating System (OS) A set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software

  32. Software System Software Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices There are two part to system softeare; Utility Programs Allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

  33. Word Processing Spreadsheets Presentation Graphics Database Software Application Software Programs that perform specific tasks for users

  34. Software Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information

  35. Personal Computer Mobile computersand mobile devices Midrange servers Mainframe computers Supercomputers Computer Categories

  36. Types of Personal Computer The desktop computer

  37. Types of Personal Computer The notebook computer

  38. Types of Personal Computer The Tablet PC

  39. Types of Mobile Devices Handheld and PDA

  40. Types of Handheld Computer Smart Phones

  41. Game Consoles

  42. Servers

  43. Mainframes

  44. Supercomputers

  45. Embedded Computers

  46. Information Systems The elements of an information system are; People Procedures Data Information Software Hardware

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