What are the ten major phyla in the Animal Kingdom?

1. What are the ten major phyla in the Animal Kingdom?

2. Intro. to the 10 Major Animal Phyla

3. Phylum Porifera • Composed of sponges • About 10,000 species. • Considered to be the 1st group of animals on Earth. • Sponge body even contains cells that resemble protists. Choanocytes

4. Phylum Porifera • Found in either fresh or marine water. • Lack organs and symmetry • Shapes may be like cups, fans, crusts, or tubes Haliclonaoculata Red barrel sponge (also known as Xestospongia)

5. Phylum Porifera • Some species are large as barrels. • Sponge body pierced by pores (Porifera), through which they feed by circulating water. (filter feeding)

6. Phylum Porifera • Reproduction is both asexual and sexual. • Larval stage free-swimming, adults are sessile. • Bath sponges were once living sponges.

7. Phylum Cnidaria (stinging-celled animals) • Includes jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, and Portuguese man-of-war. • Considered to be the 2nd big group of animals to have evolved. Elkhorn Coral

8. Phylum Cnidaria (stinging-celled animals) • First animal group with organs level of organization. • Saclike bodies include mouth surrounded by tentacles that sting and paralyze prey. • Almost all are marine.

9. Phylum Cnidaria (stinging-celled animals) • About 10,000 species. • Have radial symmetry • Certain species alternate between a polyp and medusa form; others may spend lives as either polyps or medusas.

10. Phylum Cnidaria (stinging-celled animals) • A man-of-war is a floating colony of many cnidarian animals in the polyp form, which live and work together.

11. Phylum Ctenophora • Composed of tiny, jelly-fish animals called comb jellies. • About 50 or so species. • Do not sting. Comb jellies Sea gooseberry

12. Phylum Ctenophora • Colorless, transparent; although many employ bioluminescence. • Have 8 rows of cilia along their bodies, which they use for locomotion. • Principal food for sea turtles.

13. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Includes all flat (platy) worms. • About 15,000 species. • Were the first bilaterally symmetrical animals on Earth.

14. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Some species are free-living (e.g. Planaria), but most are parasitic (tapeworms and flukes).

15. Phylum Nematoda • Composed of worms that have round bodies. • Have complete digestive systems with mouth(s) and separate anus(es). • About 80,000 species.

16. Phylum Nematoda • Some are parasites, including Ascaris and heartworms. • Majority live in soil and are not parasites.

17. Phylum Annelida • Composed of worms whose bodies are divided into segments. • Examples: Earthworms, leeches, and many beautiful marine worms.

18. Phylum Annelida • About 12,000 species. • Have what is called a closed circulatory system – comparable to that found in advanced animals.

19. Phylum Mollusca • Includes soft-bodied animals such as clams, oysters, snails, octopuses, and squids. • About 110,000 species.

20. Phylum Mollusca • Phylum is divided into 3 main classes: • Bivalvia (rigid shell of 2 parts) – clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops • Gastropod (large, muscular foot attached to their stomach) – snails, slugs, and whelks • Cephalopods (large head) – conches, octopuses, squids, and nautiluses.

21. Phylum Arthropoda • Largest phylum in Animal Kingdom. • About 100,000 species known at present. • Composed of animals that have a segmented body with a hard outer covering (exoskeleton) and appendages that are jointed.

22. Phylum Arthropoda • 5 main classes: • Crustacea – lobsters, crabs, crayfish, barnacles, and shrimp. • Arachnida – spiders, ticks, mites and scorpions. • Insecta – flies, ants, beetles, fleas, lice, bees, and roaches.

23. Phylum Arthropoda • Chilopoda – centipedes (have 1 pair of legs per body segment). • Diplopoda – millipedes (have 2 pairs of legs per body segment).

24. Phylum Echinodermata • Composed of animals whose skin is covered with spines. • Includes sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sand dollars. • About 6,000 species. All are marine.

25. Phylum Echinodermata • Larvae display bilateral symmetry; adults radial symmetry. • Have an internal skeleton. • Many can regenerate lost parts.

26. Phylum Chordata • Best known of all the phyla. • Just under 45,000 known species. • At some stage of development, all chordates have: a notochord (a flexible rod of cartilage in the back), a nerve cord, and paired gill slits in the throat cavity.

27. Phylum Chordata • The phylum is divided into 3 subphyla: • Subphylum Urochordata – soft, saclike, marine animals called tunicates or sea squirts. • Subphylum Cephalochordata – small, fishlike, marine animals called lancelets. • Subphylum Vertebrata – all the different vertebrate animals (7 classes). Vertebrate animals replace the notochord with a backbone during embryonic development.

28. Phylum Chordata • The 7 classes of vertebrate animals: • Class Agnatha – the jawless fishes such as lampreys and hagfish. • Class Chondrichthyes – the cartilaginous fishes such as sharks. • Class Osteichthyes – the bony fishes such as perches and trouts. • Class Amphibia – frogs, toads and salamanders • Class Reptilia – turtles, crocodiles, alligators, snakes and lizards. • Class Aves – the birds. • Class Mammalia – the mammals.