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CERAMICS

CERAMICS. What is Ceramics?. Pottery or clay sculpture fired at high temperatures in a kiln to make them harder and stronger. Ceramics Around the World. Ceramics have been used, throughout the world, for tens of thousands of years.

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CERAMICS

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  1. CERAMICS

  2. What is Ceramics? • Pottery or clay sculpture fired at high temperatures in a kiln to make them harder and stronger

  3. Ceramics Around the World Ceramics have been used, throughout the world, for tens of thousands of years. Archeologists have uncovered human-made ceramics in the form of animal and human figurines that date back to at least 24,000 BC.

  4. Examples of African and Middle Eastern Ceramics Iran Egypt 1800 BC Democratic Republic of Congo Saudi Arabia

  5. Examples of Asian Ceramics China – Ming Dynasty 1300 AD Korea Terra Cotta Warriors 210 BC

  6. Examples of North and South American Ceramics United States (Native American Pueblo) Peru (Incan) 400 AD

  7. Examples of European Ceramics Netherlands (Delftware) Greece

  8. Examples of Contemporary Ceramics

  9. Examples of Contemporary Ceramics

  10. BASIC Materials • Kiln: a specially designed oven capable of reaching temperatures over 2000° F (can be electric, gas, or wood-fired) • Clay: moist, sticky dirt (mud) composed of fine-grained minerals, which can be shaped when wet and hardened when dried or heated • Tools: mainly used to shape clay

  11. Common Types of Clay • Earthenware: clay fired at relatively low temperatures (1800°F-2100°F), often contains iron and has a porous surface when fired • Stoneware: a buff, gray or brown clay which is heavy, opaque, and highly plastic in nature with a high firing temperature (2200°F-2400°F) • Porcelain: a very fine white clay with a high firing temperature (2200°F-2550°F), is non-porous, strong, and translucent when fired

  12. Tools, Tools, Tools…. hands modeling tools loop tools ribs sponge wire clay cutter

  13. Clay Shaping Methods • Wheel Throwing • Slip Casting • Hand Building

  14. Slip Cast Ceramics

  15. Hand Building • Pinch Pot • Coil Construction • Slab Construction

  16. Pinch Pot • Pinching is a pottery technique fundamental to manipulating clay. Making a pinch pot consists of pressing the thumb into a ball of clay, and drawing the clay out into a pot by repeatedly squeezing the clay between the thumb and fingers.  

  17. Pinch Pots

  18. Coil Construction • Coils are long, snake-like ropes of clay that are used in making pottery. It involves building the walls of a form with a series of coils into the required shape. The surface can either remain coil-textured or they can be smoothed.

  19. How to make a coil pot

  20. Coil Ceramics

  21. Some advanced coil ceramics

  22. Stages of Clay • Wet clay: soft/plastic clay • Leather hard (greenware): clay is dry enough tomaintain form and wet enough to be smoothed, carved, and added to • Bone dry (greenware): clay has dried as much as possible before first firing and is extremely brittle • Bisque: first firing where all remaining water molecules are released from the clay transforming it into ceramic (Why are air bubbles dangerous during a bisque fire?) • Glazed: second firing where glaze has melted into the ceramic surface making it non-porous

  23. Clean-Up • Hazards of clay dust: • Silica particles = extremely tiny pieces of glass, which became airborne and easily inhaled….extremely hazardous to lungs • Solution: • WET clean-up prevents dust from building up and becoming airborne • Use wet sponges, spray bottles, wet paper towel

  24. So what we are doing today… • I will demo how to start to make a coil pot. • We will then use some time to experiment with the material of clay and get used to using it.

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