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CO 2 from capture to storage Gérard FRIES Executive Vice-President

Institut Français du Pétrole. CO 2 from capture to storage Gérard FRIES Executive Vice-President. Evolution of CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere. PPM. Source : IPCC. Scenarios of Carbon Emission Evolution. Source : IPCC. Repartition of CO 2 emissions. Tertiary. Agriculture. 4%.

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CO 2 from capture to storage Gérard FRIES Executive Vice-President

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  1. Institut Français du Pétrole CO2 from capture to storage Gérard FRIES Executive Vice-President

  2. Evolution of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere PPM Source : IPCC

  3. Scenarios of Carbon Emission Evolution Source : IPCC

  4. Repartition of CO2 emissions Tertiary Agriculture 4% 2% Residential Power production 10% 39% Transport 23% Other Industries 22% Source : ENERDATA

  5. Solutions • Improving energy efficiency • Switch from low to high hydrogen content fossil fuels (from coal to natural gas) • Substitution of fossil fuels by renewables and/or nuclear energy • Capture, transport and storage of CO2

  6. CO2 capture from industrial plants Post-combustion capture Flue gases N2/H2O Fuel CO2 Combustion Extraction Air CO2 • Existing plants • Large volume of gases with diluted CO2

  7. Fuel CO2 Condensation H2O CO2/H2O Air Cryogenic distillation O2 Combustion H2O CO2 capture from industrial plants Oxyfuel combustion • New plants • Lower volume of gases with concentrated CO2

  8. CO2 capture from industrial plants Pre-combustion capture Steam reforming Fuel H2 CO2 N2/H2O Shift ATR Combustion Extraction reactor Air POx 02/H20 CO2 ATR : autothermal reforming POx : partial oxidation • New plants • The way to hydrogen

  9. Water CO2  storage Shift-conversion H2 / CO2 Water separation Hydrogen Natural gas Synthesis gas Heavy oil Production Electricity Coal generation Biomass Electricity Oxygen Fischer- Tropsch synthesis Liquid hydrocarbons Hydrogen and power generation with CO2 capture and storage

  10. Transport of CO2 USA: several thousand of km of pipes delivering CO2 to EOR (Enhance Oil Recovery) operations no specific regulation  transport under supercritical phase  risks of corrosion

  11. 40 Gt CO2 platform CO2 plant Unmineable coal CO2 ship CO2 pipe solid CO2 CO2 well 1 000 Gt CO2 droplets Depleted oil & gas reservoirs Salt dome Saline aquifer 500 - 10 000 Gt CO2 lake Pour la Science CO2 geological storage

  12. CO2 geological storage Hydrocarbon reservoirs (oil and gas)  proven to be tight (to non reactive gas)  geological traps  well-known objects  possible benefit through Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery (EOR / EGR) Saline Aquifers  huge porous volume: the biggest place for storage no drinkable water  largely distributed generally poorly investigated Coals seams  strong adsorption of CO2  possible benefit through E Coal Bed Methane (ECBM)  low permeability and porous volume

  13. Control of the storage and surroundings Storage optimisation Verification of the confinement Geological storage: technical challenges Monitoring Numerical modelling: regional scale, long time (1000 years) reservoir scale, short time (20-40 years)

  14. Sleipner A Sleipner T CO2 Injection - Well A16 CO2 Utsira aquifer Sleipner West Production wells Sleipner West Heimdal formation: gas reservoir An example of industrial operation: Sleipner

  15. Preliminary comparison of 1994 and 1999 data Sleipner CO2 injection seismic monitoring An example of industrial operation: Sleipner

  16. Main opportunities IEA-GHG

  17. Some future initiatives for CO2 capture & storage in Europe & mediterranean basin CASTOR EU project: - Spain: offshore oil reservoir (Casablanca) - Norway: offshore aquifer (Snohvit) - Austria: offshore gas field (Lindach) - Netherlands: gas fields CO2SINK EU project: - Germany: onshore aquifer (Berlin) IN-SALAH (Algeria) RECOPOL EU project: - Poland: coal seams (Katowice) Possible new project: - Tarnow: EOR

  18. Capture & sorage of CO2: economic issues Flue gases Separation Compression transport 0.7 - 4 $/t per 100 km Cost reduction 30 - 50 $/t 8 - 10 $/t Injection 20 $/t ? 2 - 8 $/t Geological storage Total : 40 $/t to 70 $/t CO2 Evaluation of capacity

  19. Cost reduction Optimisation of storage capacity Security of the storage Acceptance of the concept CO2 capture & storage: the future The targets R&D efforts • Improve the knowledge on physical and chemical processes for CO2 storage • Real-site validation / demonstration • Development of new cost effective separation techniques

  20. Future prospects and opportunities • Eliminate gas flaring • Produce hydrogen, power and clean fuels without CO2 emissions • Use CO2 for EOR applications: specially the North Sea • Benefits from emissions credits for CO2 reinjection

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