Post Classical Asia

1. Post Classical Asia This is the fun part now!!

2. Ottoman Empire • 1453 nomadic Turks(Ottomans) captured Constantinople renaming it Istanbul • The empire stretched around the Mediterranean sea and united most of the Arab world except Persia and Afghanistan • They controlled all trade between Europe and Asia • Suleiman the Magnificent was sultan at the height of the empire (mid 1500’s) • The sultan’s palace was in Istanbul, and he allowed different cultural groups to govern themselves and tax themselves • Jannissaries, protected the empire, which was made of soldiers trained from childhood

3. Safavid Empire in Persia • An Islamic Empire in the early 1500’s in present day Iran • Shi’ite (Shia’) Muslims who opposed Sunnis of the Ottoman Empire • Rulers known as Shahs controlled large armies and their influences in culture and religion are still in Iran today.

4. Muslims invade India • In the 11th and 12th centuries Muslims invaded India destroying Hindu cities and temple • They established independent kingdoms called Sultanantes, Mongols destroyed Delhi and killed its inhabitants ending the Delhi Sultanante • Mughal Empire (1526-1837)- Muslims with ties to Persia took control of India from the Mongols using guns and gunpowder • Akbar the Great expanded the Empire uniting all of northern India • He united the people by allowing religious tolerance, ended the special Hindu taxes, allowed Hindu’s to rule in government (12 provinces), encouraged education, and the arts

5. Mughals not the Harry Potter type • Akbar’s grandson Shah Jahan reinstated the Hindu tax and destroyed Hindu temples • People in the north converted to Islam to avoid taxes or to escape their lower caste • Shah Jahan build incredible palaces, mosques, and fortresses the most famous being the TajMahal as a tomb for his wife

6. Sikhism • Developed in Northern India mixing Muslim and Hindu beliefs • Beliefs- reincarnation, one God, meditation, build a loving relationship with God, everyone is equal in Gods eyes, teach moderation in every aspect in life, men do not cut their hair and wear a turban.

7. Sui Dynasty • ??

8. Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) • Golden Age of China, peace and prosperity, reunited China, revived feudal relationships, Confucian exams, males received land and paid taxes in grain form • Expanded to the Korean peninsula, central Europe, and Manchuria • Chang’an became the world’s largest city and capital under Empress Wu Zetian • Literature, arts, unique gardens, block printing, Silk Road commerce, medicines, map making made China the most technologically advance society

9. Song Dynasty (960-1279 A.D.) • China shrunk in size after the Tang collapsed and in the south the Song Dynasty began • They developed paper money and coins to replace grain taxes • They also ended forced labor for the emperor which increase farm production and wealth for all • The Grand Canal was used to ship within China, Caravans carried goods over the Silk Roads, and large ships carried goods to Japan, Korea, SE Asia, India, and Africa • Astronomers studied, Math solved advance equations, acupuncture, gunpowder, compass, moveable type printing • The Mongols up north took control creating the Yuan Dynasty

10. Women in China • Confucianism stated that women must obey their father, husband and son • Girls left their families when married and where expected to have sons to gain favor in their new family • If widowed they got a portion of their husbands land, and could divorced if both parties agreed • Footbinding began under the Song Dynasty, which restricted foot growth limiting movement and was seen as attractive

11. Japan • Chinese religions helped shape society (Confucianism- loyalty to family and ruler; Buddhism- renounce selfish desires; Daoism- love of nature) • Japan copied Chinese writing techniques, arts, dance, imperial court, and emperor • Emperors let nobles have tax breaks which allowed them to raise funds for private armies • This led to wars and a Shogun emerged allowing the Emperor to remain, under his discretion

12. Japanese Hierarchy

13. Mongol Empire Living on the plains is boring, lets invade!! • Mongols developed great horsemanship and military skills, which led to collapse of numerous empires throughout history • They were loosely organized tribes that created the largest empire the world has ever seen by the 1200s • Chinggis Khan (Ghengis Khan) united the tribes and est. himself supreme leader of Mongolia, then started a career of conquest • 200,000 fierce Mongols dominated every place they road • They conquered China, central Asia Muslim states, Persia, Russia, Iraq, and southern China • They were surprising tolerant of religions, encouraged trade, and used local officials in government

14. Yuan Dynasty • Ruled by Chinggis’ grandson Kublai Khan who inherited Northern China in 1260 (by 1279 he united all of China) • He encouraged Mongols to adapt to Chinese ways and adapted the Mandate of Heaven in ruling China • Marco Polo (Venice) made it to China a long the Silk Roads in the 1270’s • He was amazed by the wealth, technology, gunpowder, and use of coal for a source of heat

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16. Mongol Russia • 13th century Mongol warriors conquered Russia and controlled it for the next 200 years • Moscow was known as Muscovy and they rebelled against against the Mongol leaders • 1480 Ivan the Great declared Moscow independent from Mongols • He became Tsar and set out to conquer surrounding lands for his new kingdom

17. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D. ) • 300 years of peace, expanded to Korea, Burma, and Vietnam • Built Forbidden City in Beijing, for godlike rulers to live • Two main classes peasants and scholar- gentry (landowners) • Restored govt. exams, explored heavily by sea then stopped by 1430s (Zheng He sailed to India and Arabian peninsula) • Europeans connected sea trade routes with China by 16th century establishing global trade • Portuguese settlers landed in southern China and Missionaries followed

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