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Domain Names

Ferenc Suba LLM, MA Chairman of the Board, CERT-Hungary, Theodore Puskás Foundation Vice-Chair of the Management Board, European Network and Information Security Agency. Domain Names. What is a domain name? Technical Legal Structure of the DNS TLD ICANN

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Domain Names

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  1. Ferenc SubaLLM, MA Chairman of the Board, CERT-Hungary, Theodore Puskás Foundation Vice-Chair of the Management Board, European Network and Information Security Agency Domain Names

  2. What is a domain name? Technical Legal Structure of the DNS TLD ICANN UDRP WIPO National Dispute Resolution .eu Overview

  3. Technically Like a phone-number Unique addresses IP address 32-bit numbers often expressed as 4 octets in dotted decimal notation Alphanumerical string 192.0.34.163 = icann.org What is a domain name?

  4. Legally Not trademarks Not ownership User right for a limited period No laws Self-regulation Request for Comments (RFC) 1591 http://rfc-1591.rfc-index.com

  5. DNS = Domain Name System 2 (or more) levels: Top Level Domain (TLD) Second Level Domain (SLD) DNS structure?

  6. Generic TLD (gTLD) .com, .edu, .gov, .int, .mil, .net,.org .biz, .info, .name, .pro, .aero, .coop, and .museum Country Code TLD (ccTLD) ISO 3166 .ee, .lv, .lt, .pl, .hu, .cz, .sk, .ro, .bg, .si TLD – Top Level Domains

  7. 1. ICANN 2. Registry 3. Registrar 4. Registrant Hierachy

  8. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers MoU with US Department of Commerce Coordinating body IP address space, DNS service management (incl. DNS servers) Technical focus RIPE (Réseaux IP Européens) ICANN

  9. Registry, NIC, hostmaster, TLD manager Delegates SLDs (2nd level: .co.uk) Technical responsibility Administrative responsibility Duty to serve the community National Global internet community Registry operators

  10. First filed - first served Established rights local presence, trademark etc. Delegation procedures

  11. Cybersquatting (Mr. Smith registers cocacola.com) Typosquatting (misrosoft, gogle) Competing use (casino-monaco.com) Noncompeting use (two George Clooneys) Reverse domain name hijacking (using weak or nonexistent trademarks to get a registered domain name) Parody and commentary Disputes

  12. Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy Approved by ICANN October 24, 1999 Trademark-based domain-name disputes .com, .org, .net, .biz, .info, .name Cancellation or transfer Fast, effective and biased (see appeal procedure!) UDRP

  13. identical or misleadingly similar to a trademark no rights or legitimate interests bad faith All 3 must be proven!(see D1318) Abusive registration and use

  14. Use or preparations to use Commonly known by that name Legitimate, noncommercial or fair use By way of prima facie proofs!!(see D1318) Legitimate interest

  15. Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre (ADNRC) CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution (CPR) The National Arbitration Forum (NAF) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Approved providers

  16. Example: casino-monaco.com (Grand Duchy of Monte Carlo vs. Cybinter Ltd. from Hungary, D 1318 before WIPO) Complainant submits complaint online and off line: 1 signed original + 4 copies to WIPO 1 copy to Respondent 1 copy to Registrar Complainant pays fee to WIPO WIPO - procedure

  17. Defendant submits response online (20 days) and off line: 1 signed original + 4 copies to WIPO 1 copy to Complainant 1 copy to Registrar WIPO - procedure

  18. Panelist appointed within 5 days Decision within 14 days Communication to parties within 3 days Implementation within 10 days Language of registration agreement WIPO - procedure

  19. Arbitration like UDRP (Union of Domain Name Resolution Policy) Court proceedings national legislation Disputes - ccTLDs

  20. EC Regulation No 733/2002 on the implementation of the .eu Top Level Domain EC Regulation No 874/2004 on registration EC Regulation No 1255/2007 amending 874/2004 Registry appointed EURid DNS-BE (Belgium) IIT CNR (Italy) NIC SE (Sweden) .eu

  21. undertakings having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the European Community organisations established within the European Community without prejudice to the application of national law natural persons resident within the European Community Price: 4 euros per domain name + profit of the registrar Who is able to register for how much?

  22. Arbitration Court in Prague (Economic and Agricultural Chamber) Adr.eu Procedure: rules similar to UDRP and WIPO www.arbcourt.cz/adreu ssam Dispute resolution .eu

  23. Thank you for your attention! ferenc.suba@cert-hungary.hu PTA CERT-Hungary www.cert-hungary.hu Theodore Puskás Foundationwww.neti.hu ENISA www.enisa.europa.eu

  24. What is a gTLD and ccTLD? What does UDRP stand for? What is reverse domain name hijacking? Where can a legal dispute about an .eu domain name be resolved? Questions

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