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ccTLD - Domain Names

ccTLD - Domain Names. PacINET September 2013, Tonga Keith Davidson. RFC1591 – March 1994 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation. SOME RELEVANT EXCERPTS ON POLICIES FOR CCTLDS:

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ccTLD - Domain Names

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  1. ccTLD - Domain Names PacINET September 2013, Tonga Keith Davidson

  2. RFC1591 – March 1994 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation SOME RELEVANT EXCERPTS ON POLICIES FOR CCTLDS: “The IANA is not in the business of deciding what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which entities should be and should not be on that list” “These designated authorities are trustees for the delegated domain, and have a duty to serve the community. The designated manager is the trustee of the top-level domain for both the nation, in the case of a country code, and the global Internet community” “Concerns about "rights" and "ownership" of domains are inappropriate.It is appropriate to be concerned about "responsibilities" and "service" to the community” “The designated manager must be equitable to all groups in the domain that request domain names”

  3. TLD Principles 1. Domain name markets should be competitive. 2. Choice for registrants should be maintained and expanded. 3. Domain registrations should be first come, first served. 4. Parties to domain registrations should be on a level playing field. 5. Registrant data should be public. 6. Registry / Registrar operations within a TLD should be split. 7. TLD policy should be determined by open multi-stakeholder processes.

  4. Principle 1 1. Domain name markets should be competitive: • Registrants should have a choice of registrars. • Registrars should be well-regulated with TLD policy frameworks that support real competition between them and equal treatment of registrars by the registry. • TLD administrators must require transparency for registrants. • Registrars should face a uniform pricing structure from registries. • Provided there is sufficient competition between TLDs, there is no particular concern with an administrator managing multiple TLDs.

  5. Principle 2 2. Choice for registrants should be maintained and expanded: • A choice of strings (TLDs, and IDNs both at the TLD level and at lower levels) is an important choice for registrants to be able to make. • Choice of registrars is important as mentioned above. • Choice between a wide range of strings is more important than choice between fewer “well-managed” strings

  6. Principle 3 3. Domain registrations should be first come first served: • No banned names list within given TLDs. • Where disputes over a registration arise, they should be handled ex-post. • Dispute resolution should revolve on the principle of any legitimate rights to a name, rather than “greater” rights for any particular party. • No pre-qualification requirements should be required, and any sunrise period supports the first come first served principle (or uses the same dispute resolution as ex-post disputes).

  7. Principle 4 4. Parties to domain registrations should be on a level playing field: • TLDs should not offer concessionary data or information to state or private agencies that the public cannot access. • An exception to this is where law enforcement authorities are investigating serious criminal matters. TLD managers should cooperate with them where evidence of wrongdoing is presented, and do so in a proportionate manner that follows due process and is consistent with the rule of law.

  8. Principle 5 5. Registrant data should be public: • A free and publicly available register lookup service (such as WHOIS) should be maintained, with relevant authoritative information about the registrant, registrar and DNS servers for the domain

  9. Principle 6 6. Registry / Registrar operations within a TLD should be split: • Maintaining this separation is critical to protecting choice and competition for registrations and among registrars. • Two exceptions to this principle apply, where it can be shown there is no unfair competition arising for other registrars: • for a closed community TLD not taking independent public registrations (.google is an hypothetical example); or • where doing so addresses a market failure in the interests of significant stakeholders.

  10. Principle 7 7. TLD policy should be determined by open multi-stakeholder processes: • Policy for top level domains, as for broader matters of Internet Governance, is best derived from multi-stakeholder dialogue that results in consensus based policy development.

  11. TLD Principle Template

  12. Policy Principles 1. The Internet should be open and uncaptureable. 2. Internet markets should be competitive. 3. Laws should work with the architecture of the Internet, not against it. 4. Human rights should apply online. 5. Technology changes quickly, so laws should focus on activity. 6. The Internet should be accessible by and inclusive of everyone. 7. Internet policy should be determined by open multi-stakeholder processes. 8. The Internet is critical infrastructure, so it should be protected.

  13. Thank You / Questions Keith Davidson keith@internetnz.net.nz

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