World Travel and Trade

1. World Travel and Trade Chapter 3, Lesson 1: Trade with China and African Kingdoms Pages 84-87

2. World Maps World Map circa 1200 World Map of today

3. Explorers Marco Polo Mansa Musa • Merchant • Traveled from Venice to China in 1271. • Wrote a book about his journey (Stayed there for 16 years.) • Left Italy when he was only 17 years old. • While in China, saw inventions, such as paper, printing, and gunpowder. • King of Mali • Traveled from Mali t o Mecca • Brought scholars and artists back to Mali • Timbuktu became a center for learning and art as well as trade.

4. Zheng He • Sailed throughout Southeast Asia and all the way to Africa’s east coast. • Traded goods, such as gold and silk, with the people he met. *His voyages came to an end in 1434.

5. The Silk Road It was the name for several trade routes connecting China and Europe.

6. Make a Stamp • The Postal Service has commissioned you to design a stamp depicting the journeys of either Marco Polo, Zheng He, or Mansa Musa. Your stamp should contain information from lesson 1. Along with your design, you will have to include a paragraph explaining what your stamp shows.

7. New Ideas in EuropeChapter 3, Lesson 2Pgs. 90-93 • The Renaissance (rebirth) Important changes took place during the 1300s and 1400s. Europeans took new interest in writing, art, science, and ideas of the Greeks and Romans. Technology in Europe changed during this time.

8. Johannes Gutenberg • Invented the printing press in 1454 The printing press made it possible to print many copies of a page of type quickly. Before the printing press, people had to copy books by hand.

9. New Knowledge for Sailors • New technology helped European exploration by making navigation easier and more accurate. • Navigation: the science of planning and controlling the direction of a ship. • Astrolabe: a tool that measures the height of the sun or a star above the horizon. • European sailors also learned about the compass. (powered by a magnetic needle and it always points North)

10. A Sea Route to Asia Portugal was the first European country to find a sea route to Asia.

11. Slavery • Slavery is a cruel system in which people are bought and sold and made to work without pay. • Portuguese traders set up trading posts on Africa’s west coast. • Portuguese traders forced Africans there into slavery and sold them to Europe.

12. Portuguese Explorers Bartolomeu dias Vasco da gama • Sailed the west coast of Africa when a storm blew him off course. • He ended up sailing around the southern tip of Africa, proving that you can sail to Africa’s east coast. • Led the first Portuguese voyage to reach India. • The sea route he found was used by other Portuguese sailors for spice trading.

13. Europeans arrive in the Americas Lesson 3, Pages 96-101

14. Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in 1451. He studied navigation and believed that he could reach Asia by a new route. He wanted to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean, instead of south around Africa. He DID NOT know that North and South America were between Europe and Asia. He asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, of Spain, to finance his trip. Unfortunately, they could not afford to send him because they were at war with North African Muslims.

15. Columbus Sails West • In 1492, Columbus gets funding from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. • The King and Queen hoped to make money from the gold and spices they believed Columbus would find in Asia. • Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain on August 13, 1492. Close to 90 men traveled in three ships named the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.

16. Columbus Sails West Continuted • On October 12, 1492, a sailor aboard the Pinta saw land. • The ships arrived at an island in the Caribbean Sea that Columbus named San Salvador. This island is part of the present-day Bahamas. • Columbus mistakenly believed he had reached land off the coast of Asia, near India. He named the islands the West Indies and the people living on them Indians.

17. The sailors on this expedition were the first Europeans to meet people of the Caribbean. • These people were called Taino, which means good. • More than 600,000 Taino lived in the Caribbean at the time of Columbus’s visit. • Before heading back to Spain, Columbus visited Cuba and Hispaniola.

18. The Columbian Exchange

19. Columbus made three more voyages to the Caribbean and the coasts of Central and South America. • Ferdinand and Isabella wanted him to start settlements and to search for gold. • Columbus brought with him horses, cows, pigs, wheat, barley, and sugar cane plants to the Western Hemisphere.

20. The Europeans arrival in the West Indies had many harmful effects. • Europeans cut down rain forests on Caribbean islands and built sugar plantations. • They brought diseases that the Taino had never had before. Many Taino died from these diseases. • Within 50 years of Columbus’s arrival, almost no Taino people were left.

21. Columbus returned to Spain with plants no one in Europe had seen, such as maize(corn), peanuts, potatoes, tomatoes, cacao(chocolate), and certain peppers, beans, and squashes. • The Columbian Exchange benefited people all over the world.

22. Exploration Continues Pedro Alvarez Cabral: explored eastern South America in 1500. Amerigo Vespucci: he made several Voyages to South America and the Caribbean. Vasco Nunez de Balboa: sailed to present-day Panama in Central America. In 1513 he reached the Pacific Ocean.

23. Magellan • Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese soldier and sailor who sailed for Spain. • He believed that he could sail west, go around South America, cross the Pacific Ocean, and end up back in Spain. • Magellan left Spain in Sept. 1519, with five ships and about 250 men. • In November 1520, his ships entered the Pacific Ocean. He named it Pacific, which means “peaceful”, because it looked calm.

24. Magellan was killed in a battle with the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands. • Only one ship of the original five survived the trip. It arrived back in Spain in September 1522. • Of the 250 men who began the journey, about 18 remained. • Magellan’s crew became the first explorers to circumnavigate the world.

25. Conquest of the Americas Chapter 3, Lesson 4 Pages 104-107

26. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • Because Columbus and Balboa’s travels were exciting news in Europe, Spain’s rulers started to send explorers to the new land in hopes that they would bring back gold. • Hernan Cortes was a Spanish explorer who led an expedition to Mexico in 1519. • Cortes’s ships carried horses, weapons, and an army of more than 500 conquistadors.

27. Aztecs • Cortes had heard stories about the Aztec Empire. The Aztecs had built an empire by conquering other Indian nations. • After landing in Mexico, Cortes met people who were enemies of the Aztec empire. Cortes convinced them to come with him to defeat the Aztecs. • The Aztec capital city was Tenochtitlan. The city was twice as big as any European city and was built in the middle of a lake.

28. The Aztec ruler was Moctezuma and he welcomed Cortes. • Cortes wanted Aztec gold and threw Moctezuma in jail. • Contact with the Spanish had infected the Aztec army with disease. • Cortes used guns, horses, and steel armor to defeat the weakened Aztec army.

29. Francisco Pizarro • He was a Spanish conquistador that defeated the powerful Inca empire in South America in the 1530s.

30. Exploring North America • Juan Ponce de Leon: first conquistador to reach the United States. He led an expedition to present-day Florida. • Hernando de Soto: a conquistador who explored present-day Georgia and traveled through the American Southeast. He was the first explorer to reach the Mississippi River. • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: led an expedition to North America looking for gold.

31. Cities of Gold • Indians had told Spanish explorers about rich cities, so these explores traveled many miles in North America looking for these “cities of gold”. Through their expeditions, the explorers learned a lot about the geography of North America.

32. New spain Chapter 3, Lesson 5

33. New Spain Grows • By 1535, the Spanish government controlled the former Aztec empire in Mexico. They named this new colony New Spain. • Spain’s rulers sent priests with the explorers to spread Christianity. • Over the next 200 years, Spanish explorers traveled north and started settlements called missions. • A mission was a religious community where priests taught Christianity.

34. New Settlements • Other European countries tried to claim North American lands. The English, French, Dutch, and Russians were also exploring North America. • The Spanish wanted to prevent this, so they built forts to protect the lands they had already claimed.

35. Pedro Menendez de Aviles • In 1565 he started the settlement of St. Augustine in Florida. St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States built by Europeans.

36. Juan de onate Junipero Serra • He led settlers, soldiers, and priests to present-day New Mexico. In 1610, the city of Santa Fe became the capital of that part of New Spain. • He led an expedition up the coast of California. He helped build the settlement of San Diego. He helped build several missions along the coast of California.

37. Life in New Spain • Spanish hacienda owners relied on Indians to farm the land. A hacienda is a large farm or ranch, often with its own village and church. • American Indians were forced to work at haciendas. • The Spanish brought enslaved Africans to replace the thousands of American Indians who had died. In 1650, about 130,000 enslaved Africans and their descendants were in New Spain.

38. Life in New Spain cont. • A Spanish priest named Bartolome de las Casas wanted to protect all American Indians. He spoke out against their mistreatment and convinced the Spanish King to make laws to help protect them. • American Indians who did not live at missions continued to practice their own traditions. • In 1680, a Pueblo Indian leader named Pope led a revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico.