Human Transport System

1. Human Transport System

2. How does the circulatory system help maintain homeostasis? • It transports nutrients and other essential materials, such as oxygen, to cells and removes waste products.

3. What other human systems work with the circulatory in maintaining homeostasis? • Respiratory • Excretory • Digestive

4. Human Circulatory System • Closed system – blood is in tubes • Consists of: • Heart • Blood • Blood vessels – arteries, veins, capillaries

5. Blood Vessels • Arteries- carry blood away from the heart to all parts of body • expansion and contraction of artery is the pulse – corresponds to the number of heartbeats • Capillaries – smallest vessels • one cell layer thick • site of exchange between blood and body tissues • Veins – bring blood back to the heart • Contain valves which stop blood from flowing backwards

6. Heart • Muscular pump that is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body A. Structure of the Heart • 4 chambers – right and left side of the heart separated by the septum

7. Heart • 2 upper chambers – Atria • Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body • Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs • 2 lower chambers – Ventricles • Right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs • Left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body • **Ventricular walls contain thicker muscles

8. Heart B. Valvesprevent backflow of blood in chambers of the heart. The closing of valves creates “lub-dub” sound of heartbeat. • Tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and right ventricle • Mitral valve - located between the left atrium and left ventricle

9. Heart C. Blood Pressure • The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries from the pumping action of the heart is referred to as blood pressure. 100-140 SystolicPressure on the ventricles during contraction 60-80 Diastolic Pressure in the ventricle during relaxation

10. Heart D. Pathways of Circulation • Systemic: from the heart to the rest of the body and back • Pulmonary: from the right ventricle lungsleft atrium • Coronary: from the heart to the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.

11. Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory system • Transport Disorders – diseases of the heart and blood vessels are called cardiovascular diseases • 1. Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. This condition damages the heart and the wall of the blood vessels. Risk factors include stress, diet, heredity, cigarette smoking and aging.

12. Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory system • 2. Angina Pectoris is a temporary narrowing of the coronary arteries causing temporary shortages of oxygen to the heart. This results in severe chest pain that may radiate down the left arm and into the jaw. • 3. Coronary thrombosis (heart attack) is a blockage in the coronary artery or its branches. The blockage deprives the heart muscle of oxygen and subsequently damages it.

13. Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory system • 4. Strokes are the result of blood clots that block blood vessels from bringing blood to the brain. Brain cells begin to die from a lack of oxygen. Ruptures in these same blood vessels may also cause strokes.

14. Diseases or Homeostatic failure of the circulatory system • Blood Disorders • Leukemia is a form of cancer in which the bone marrow produces abnormally large numbers of white blood cells. • Anemiais a condition in which the blood cannot carry sufficient amounts of oxygen to the body cells. • Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder resulting in misshapen red blood cells due to an alteration in the hemoglobin. • Iron deficiency anemia is the result of low iron in the diet resulting in a decrease in the number of red blood cells.