1 / 44

TRANSPORT SYSTEM

TRANSPORT SYSTEM. The Concept of Circulatory System. Circulatory system: Transports substances continuously around the entire body Transports nutrients, water & O 2 to body cells Remove CO 2 and other nitrogenous wastes from body cell Consists of 3 components: Medium Vessels Pump.

betrys
Download Presentation

TRANSPORT SYSTEM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM The Concept of Circulatory System Rez@SB2014

  2. Circulatory system: • Transports substances continuously around the entire body • Transports nutrients, water & O2 to body cells • Remove CO2 and other nitrogenous wastes from body cell • Consists of 3 components: • Medium • Vessels • Pump A) Circulatory System In Human & Animals Rez@SB2014

  3. Required to carry materials around the circulatory system • In human & animals : BLOOD • Insects : HAEMOLYPMH • Composition of human blood • PLASMA – 55% • CELLULAR ELEMENTS – 45 % a) MEDIUM / FLUID Rez@SB2014

  4. Rez@SB2014

  5. Rez@SB2014

  6. RED BLOOD CELLS • 5 million per mm3 of blood • DO NOT HAVE : • Nucleus • mitochondria • ribosomes • Full of haemoglobin to bind O2 & CO2 • Made in bone marrow • live for about 120 days • Destroyed & recycled in liver (i) Erythrocytes Rez@SB2014

  7. Rez@SB2014

  8. HAVE NO NUCLEUS : provide more space for haemoglobin • Haemoglobin transports O2 – combined as oxyhaemoglobin – from lungs to the body tissues for respiration • Also carry CO2 as hydrogen-carbonate from the respiring tissues to the lungs • BICONCAVE DISC- SHAPED CELLS : increase the TSA/V ratio for optimum gaseous exchange • SMALL & FLEXIBLE: able to squeeze through narrow capillary walls Adaptations : Rez@SB2014

  9. Rez@SB2014

  10. leucocytes Rez@SB2014

  11. WHITE BLOOD CELLS • Colorless • Χ hemoglobin • Larger than erythrocytes; fewer in number • ≈ 7000 per mm3of blood • No fix shape • have nucleus • Can change their shapes & squeeze through the walls of capillaries • Important in body mechanisms against disease Rez@SB2014

  12. Have : • granular cytoplasm • lobed nucleus • Capable of amoeboid movement • engulf bacteria by phagocytosis • Produced in bone marrow a) Granulocytes Rez@SB2014

  13. Rez@SB2014

  14. Rez@SB2014

  15. Phagocytosis by Granulocyte Rez@SB2014

  16. b) Agranulocytes Have non-granular cytoplasm and a compact nucleus Rez@SB2014

  17. The largest of the five types of white blood cell • Produce in bone marrow • Have bean-shaped nucleus • Ingest bacteria by phagocytosis a) Monocytes Rez@SB2014

  18. has large rounded nucleus • contains many genes : efficient antibody protein productions • Produced in the lymph glands & the lymphatic nodes • FUNCTIONS: • Produce antibodies • specific defense against toxins produced by bacteria and infecting germs b) Lymphocytes Rez@SB2014

  19. thrombocytes Rez@SB2014

  20. PLATELETS • Not cells • tiny fragments of other cells (megakaryocytes) • Colorless, irregular shape, without nucleus • Made in bone marrow • last about 6-7 days (iii) Thrombocytes Rez@SB2014

  21. FUNCTIONS: • Have amoeboid movements • Important in blood clotting & repairing damages tissues • Help to maintain the integrity of blood vessel wall (iii) Thrombocytes Rez@SB2014

  22. Rez@SB2014

  23. Rez@SB2014

  24. Blood plasma Rez@SB2014

  25. Rez@SB2014

  26. Yellowish liquid • Serum : blood plasma with its clotting factors (such as fibrin) removed • 90% water, 10% dissolved substances (iv) Plasma Rez@SB2014

  27. consist of dissolved gases, absorbed food molecules, excretory waste products, hormones & salts • Heat produced by respiration absorbed by plasma (iv) Plasma Rez@SB2014

  28. Transport O2 • Transport CO2 • Transport absorbed food materials • Transport of excretory waste products • Deamination excess amino acids occur in liver • Transport heat • Blood distribute heat from heat-producing sites (e.g. skeletal muscles) to areas of heat loss (e.g. skin) • Transport of hormones • Transport of water to tissues b) Functions of blood Rez@SB2014

  29. hAEMOLYMPH Rez@SB2014

  30. Rez@SB2014

  31. Haemolymph : • the circulatory fluid in body cavities of insects • A.K.A ‘ insect blood’ • Flows freely within the body cavity • makes direct contact with all the internal tissues & organ of insects • Contains water, amino acids, sugar, salts & white cell c) Function of Haemolymph in Transport Rez@SB2014

  32. Haemolymph : • the circulatory fluid in body cavities of insects • Transport hormones, nutrients, salt & metabolic wastes around the body • Does not contain haemoglobin or RBC • Does not transport O2 and CO2 c) Function of Haemolymph in Transport Rez@SB2014

  33. Open and closed circulatory system Rez@SB2014

  34. Insects, crustaceans & mollusks • Heart pumps haemolymph through the aorta which branches into number of arteries that open into body cavity • Haemolymph • reaches the body cells directly • diffuses between body cells & re-enters the heart through open-ended veins Open circulatory system Rez@SB2014

  35. Found in all vertebrates & some invert (e.g. earthworms) • Heart pumps blood rapidly through & within completely closed continuous system of vessel • never comes in direct contact with body cells Closed circulatory system Rez@SB2014

  36. Rez@SB2014

  37. The Structure of Human Blood Vessels Rez@SB2014

  38. Heart is connected to a series of tubes called blood vessels • BLOOD VESSELS: • Tubes for the medium to flow through • Main types of vessels: artery, arteriole, capillary, venule and vein • Each type of blood vessel has a different structure according to their function Rez@SB2014

  39. Rez@SB2014

  40. Rez@SB2014

  41. Rez@SB2014

  42. Rez@SB2014

  43. Rez@SB2014

  44. Vessels Rez@SB2014

More Related