Biology Chapters 17 & 18

1. Biology Chapters 17 & 18 Communities and Environment

2. 9 Land Biomes • The type of Biome that is found in an area is determined by the annual rainfall and average annual temperature • Desert – Hot and Dry • Tropical Rain Forest – Hot and Wet • Tundra – Cold and Dry • Taiga – Cold and Wet • Grasslands – medium Temp and medium rain

3. Desert Biome • Located in the interior of continents • Found in the rain shadow of mountains • Plants and Animals are adapted for conserving water and limiting water loss • Deserts have very low biomass per acre • Deserts have very low productivity and few organisms

4. Tropical Rain Forest • TRF have very high productivity and very high numbers of organisms per acre • TRF have very high biomass per acre • Plants in the TRF hold most of the nutrients and the soil is poor (not fertile) • TRF are found just North and South of the equator • More species are found in the TRF than any of the other 9 Land Biomes

5. Grasslands and Savannas • Grasslandsmake up the central part of the United States (Bread Basket of North America) • Grasses make up the majority of the food that people eat (rice, wheat, and corn) • Herds of grazing animals are found in Grasslands and Savannas (zebra, gazelles, bison)

6. Deciduous Forest • Moderate Temperature Moderate Rain • Forests here in Baldwin County are DF • Some animals hibernate during the winter example: squirrels stay in their nests • Many trees lose their leaves in at the start of winter

7. 4 Types of Symbiosis • Symbiosis: when two dissimilar species live together in close association • Parasitism: one benefits the other is harmed ex: tick on a human • Predator – Prey: one benefits the other is killed ex: man eating chicken • Mutualism: Both benefit ex: bees pollinate • Commensalism: one benefits the other not effected ex: clown fish - sea anemone and whale - barnacles

8. Ocean Ecosystems • There are 3 types of Ocean Ecosystems • Intertidal – where the water and land meet • Photic Zone – open ocean where sunlight is found • Euphotic Zone – deep ocean where sunlight does not penetrate

9. Invasive Organisms • Also called non Native species • Have a negative effect on natural ecosystems because they take over and push out plants and animals • Examples: Kudzu, moon jellyfish, nutria

10. Short Answer Question • Describe the two factors that dictate what type of land Biomes are found in areas on Earth • Draw the Biome Diagram • Draw out the 9 area Table

11. Short Answer Question • List the four types of species symbiotic relationships • Define the relationships and give examples of each type