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Notes about writing your notes!

Notes about writing your notes!. 1. Highlight the Unit Title and essential question of your notes in one color. 2. Highlight the questions throughout your notes in another color. 3. Skip lines between the questions. 4. You don’t have to write word for word!. Unit Title Essential Questions

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Notes about writing your notes!

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  1. Notes about writing your notes! • 1. Highlight the Unit Title and essential question of your notes in one color. • 2. Highlight the questions throughout your notes in another color. • 3. Skip lines between the questions. • 4. You don’t have to write word for word!

  2. Unit Title • Essential Questions • Questions under Essential Questions

  3. Unit 1: The Gilded Age and Industrialization of the United StatesPowerPoint #1

  4. Daily Essential Questions: • How did industrialization and new technology affect the United States’ economy and society? • How did big business affect the American economy in the late 1800s and early 1900s? • 3. Why did labor unions begin? Why were they unsuccessful in the late 1800s?

  5. EQ #1 - How did industrialization and new technology affect the United States’ economy and society?

  6. What were the causes of the “Second Industrial Revolution” in the US? • Civil War – Encouraged innovation and railroads expanded. Led to growth of cities. • Natural Resources – The US had resources including oil! • Growing Workforce – Immigrants worked for low wages. • New Business Practices–spurred economic growth. – such as laissez faire – means hands off - minimal govt. regulation • Government Policies – Helped businesses – ex: protective tariffs to encourage the buying of American goods.

  7. Why were time zones important?

  8. Railroads in 1905 Chicago, Atlanta, and Pittsburgh became important hubs.

  9. What major inventions impacted the economy and society? Major Inventions of the 1800s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ2RJC1a8T0 Thomas Edison 3min How would these make life better?

  10. What major inventions impacted the economy and society? Major Inventions of the 1800s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ2RJC1a8T0 Thomas Edison 3min How would these make life better?

  11. Lunch atop a skyscraper: workers on the Empire State Building construction.

  12. The Flatiron Building going up in 1903. New York City How did steel change the US?

  13. EQ #2 • 2. How did big business affect the American economy in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

  14. Who were the Big Business Tycoons of the Late 1800s? ***

  15. Who were the Big Business Tycoons of the Late 1800s? ***

  16. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry? or “captains of industry” who served the nation, made better products, and lowered the prices of goods? Were the tycoons “robber barons” who cheated the poor and drove small businesses under . . . http://www.sageamericanhistory.net/gildedage/topics/gildedage1.html

  17. Robber Barons? Captains of Industry? Increased the supply of goods by building factories. Improved productivity (made stuff better, faster, and cheaper). Created jobs and improved the standard of living for many Americans. Philanthropists – donated millions of dollars to create new libraries, schools, and museums – many still exist today. (Vanderbilt Univ., Carnegie Hall, Tuskegee Institute) • Drained natural resources. • Got the govt. to interpret laws in their favor. • Drove competitors out of business. • Paid low wages. • Provided dangerous or unhealthy working conditions.

  18. What strategies did corporations use to eliminate competition and decrease costs? • Monopolies –only one supplier, no competition, able to pay lower prices for raw materials • Horizontal integration - Standard Oil - took over small oil refineries • Vertical integration – Carnegie Steel – took over all stages of production • Formed Trusts – firms that combine to reduce competition and control prices.

  19. You will make a t-chart for Rockefeller and Carnegie. As you watch the video clips fill out the chart. Robber Baron Captain of Industry 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ye1-6X-NrE - Carnegie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9saLsvWcppw - Rock

  20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYqrFBm7qdA Rockefeller – 6 min biased toward Capt of Industry • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eaJpeg2syc • Carnegie - philanthropist

  21. What company does this cartoon depict? Is this vertical or horizontal integration?

  22. Andrew Carnegie's philanthropy. Puck magazine cartoon by Louis Dalrymple, 1903. “The Gospel of Wealth” – the wealthy must help those who want to help themselves.

  23. What is Social Darwinism? Social Darwinism uses the Theory of Survival of the Fittest to Defend Big Business and Laissez-Faire In other words applying Charles Darwin’s idea of evolution of species to American business and capitalism. So, Social Darwinism is… the belief that wealth was a measure of a person’s value and thosewho had wealth were the most “fit.”

  24. How did the federal government begin to regulate business and limit their power?

  25. How did the federal government begin to regulate business and limit their power?

  26. Daily EQ • 3. Why did labor unions begin? Why were they unsuccessful in the late 1800s?

  27. What problems did workers face in the late 1800s? Low wages. Worked in unhealthy conditions - sweatshops. Overworked, 6-7 days 12 hours Lived in company towns and had to buy goods at high interest at company stores. This leads to… Collective Bargaining, Strikes, Labor Unions  Photographs by Lewis W. Hine

  28. Urban factory work was a major occupation of native-born migrants from the countryside as well as immigrants.  Sixty-four percent of Boston’s female industrial workforce was immigrant in 1860.  Women workers performed the same unskilled jobs in urban mills as in the rural mills, and were paid much less than men, who often performed skilled jobs.  In Philadelphia in the 1830s, mill women made an average of $2.25 per week compared to men’s average weekly earnings of $6.50-$7.00.  https://www.nwhm.org/online exhibits/industry/4.htm

  29. What were the goals and strategies of different Labor Unions? Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working conditions and pay. Knights of Labor First national labor union, founded in 1870s. Pushed for 8 hour workday, equal pay for equal work, and end to child labor. Skilled and unskilled workers. Declined in 1890s. American Federation of Labor Organized individual national unions, such as mine-workers’ and steelworkers’ unions Only skilled workers Used collectivebargaining and strikes.

  30. What is socialism and how did it impact labor unions? The belief that wealth should be distributed equally to everyone. • Most Americans rejected socialism, and Labor Unions weren’t socialist organizations but some labor activists borrowed ideas from it to support social reformlike demonstrations and strikes for more rights. • Because the general public believed that unions were socialistic, that belief hurt the effectiveness of unions in the late 1800s. (In general people did not like unions!) • https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/socialism.asp Socialism vs. Capitalism 2min

  31. The 1886 Haymarket Riot made many Americans wary of labor unions.

  32. What are four main examples of labor strikes? 1. Great Strike – 1877 • Railroad workers in multiple locations upset about wage cuts responded with violence. • President Hayes sent in federal troops to stop it. • Significance: Employers and Businesses could get the govt. to help them deal with striking workers. *** "A Steeple-View of the Pittsburgh Conflagation"; engraving showing the burning of Union Depot and Pennsylvania Railroad yards, Pittsburgh, PA during Great railroad strike of 1877 https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=great+railroad+strike+of+1877 2min

  33. 4. Pullman Strike - 1894 • Began with workers who made Pullman train cars…stopped RR traffic and mail delivery. • Federal troops stopped strike. *** • Leader Eugene V. Debs sent to jail. (He becomes a socialist after the strike) 2. Haymarket Riot - 1886 • Erupted between protesters and police in Chicago. • Resulted in decline of Knights of Labor. • Made many Americans not like labor unions. 3. Homestead Strike - 1892 • Strike occurred at Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, Pennsylvania. • Resulting fight left workers and Pinkerton guards dead. http://www.history.com/topics/andrew-carnegie/videos/homestead-strike?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false 5min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPhLKARAve4 Labor Day/Pullman Strike – 3min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeNNYVmgNCo 5min Homestead Strike

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