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Physical Exams

Physical Exams. Types, techniques, equipment, and positions Medical and Nursing Services Part 1 Berryhill & cashion , Fall 2016-2017. Types of Physical exams. types of physical exams. 3 major kinds of examinations are: EENT GYN General, or complete, physical.

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Physical Exams

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  1. Physical Exams Types, techniques, equipment, and positions Medical and Nursing Services Part 1 Berryhill & cashion, Fall 2016-2017

  2. Types of Physical exams

  3. types of physical exams 3 major kinds of examinations are: • EENT • GYN • General, or complete, physical

  4. Main types of physical exams • EENT: Eye, ear, nose & throat exam • GYN (gynecological): exam of female reproductive organs=vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, & breasts. A Pap (Papanicolaou) test is usually done to detect cancer of the cervix or reproductive organs

  5. Main types of physical exams • General, or complete, physical: all areas of the body are examined; blood, urine, radiographs, & electrocardiogram may be done. An EENT and/or GYN exam may be done during this exam.

  6. Physical exam techniques

  7. physical exams techniques 4 main techniques used during exams: • Observation • Palpation • Percussion • Auscultation

  8. physical exams techniques • Observation: inspection Physician looks at the pt to observe things Example: skin color, rash, swelling, deformities, etc.

  9. physical exams techniques • Palpation: feeling Physician uses their hands to feel various parts of the body. They are feeling for enlargement, anything out of place, or painful areas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSPqXd9PILo (2:15)

  10. physical exams techniques • Percussion: tapping Physician taps & listens for sounds. They place fingers of one hand on a part of the body, then use the fingers of the other hand to tap the body part. The sound emitted tells them the size, density, & position of underlying organs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4Ryk5IKf_4 (1:10)

  11. physical exams techniques • Auscultation: listening Physician uses a stethoscope to listen to sounds coming from within the body. Can listen to heart, lungs, and intestines

  12. Physical Exam equipment

  13. Physical Exam Equipment Some of the instruments and equipment used for different exams can include: • Cervical spatula (Ayer blade) • Laryngeal mirror • Ophthalmoscope • Otoscope • Percussion (reflex hammer) • Sigmoidoscope • Speculum • Sphygmomanometer • Stethoscope • Tongue blade/depressor • Tuning fork

  14. Physical Exam Equipment Cervical spatula (Ayer blade): wooden or plastic blade used to scrape cells from the cervix usually done as part of a Pap smear to check for cancer.

  15. Physical Exam Equipment Laryngeal mirror: instrument with a mirror at one end to examine the larynx

  16. Physical Exam Equipment Ophthalmoscope: lighted instrument used to examine the eyes

  17. Physical Exam Equipment Otoscope: lighted instrument used to examine the ears

  18. Physical Exam Equipment Percussion (reflex) hammer: used to test tendon reflexes

  19. Physical Exam Equipment Sigmoidoscope: lighted instrument used to examine the sigmoid colon

  20. Physical Exam Equipment Speculum: instrument used to examine internal canals of the body (nasal speculum, vaginal speculum, rectal speculum)

  21. Physical Exam Equipment Sphygmomanometer: instrument used to measure BP

  22. Physical Exam Equipment Stethoscope: instrument used for listening to internal body sounds

  23. Physical Exam Equipment Tongue blade/depressor: wood or plastic stick used to depress (hold down) the tongue so the throat can be examined

  24. Physical Exam Equipment Tuning fork: instrument with two prongs used to test hearing acuity

  25. Positions for physical exams

  26. Physical exam Positions Supine: used for examination of the anterior side • Pt lies flat on back with legs slightly apart

  27. Physical exam Positions Prone: used for examination of the back or spine • Pt lies on abd & turns head to either side

  28. Physical exam Positions Lateral: used for simple rectal & sigmoidoscopic exams, enemas, rectal temps • Pt lies on left side

  29. Physical exam Positions Fowler’s positions: used to facilitate breathing, relieve distress, encourage drainage, & examine the head, neck, & chest • Low Fowler’s: HOB elevated to 25 degrees • Semi-Fowler’s: HOB elevated to 45 degrees • High Fowler’s: HOB elevate to 90 degrees

  30. Physical exam Positions Low Fowler’s

  31. Physical exam Positions Semi-Fowler’s

  32. Physical exam Positions High Fowler’s

  33. Physical exam Positions Lithotomy: used for vaginal exams, Pap tests, urinary catherizations, cystoscopic exams, & surgery of the pelvic area • Pt lies supine with knees separated & flexed & feet in stirrups

  34. Physical exam Positions Trendelenburg: used to increase circulation of blood to the head and brain, during shock, or for surgery on pelvic organs • Pt lies supine with the bed elevated at the feet (head is lower than the feet)

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