National 3 Musical Periods and Styles

1. National 3 Musical Periods and Styles

2. Concepts • Musical

3. Musical • A musical play which has speaking, singing and dancing and is performed on a stage. • In recent years the musical has seen a revival and may now deal with very dramatic stories and contain no dialogue. Musicals use a more 'normal' singing voice than opera.

4. Wicked The Lion King Les Miserables We Will Rock You

5. Re-cap • Let’s re-cap on other concepts at National 3 level related to Musical Periods and Styles.

6. Ascending • Ascending notes rise in pitch. Notes can ascend by leap or stepwise. Descending • Descending notes fall in pitch. Notes can descend by leap or stepwise.

7. Ostinato • A short musical pattern repeated many times. St Paul's Suite MarsJupiter Night on a Bald Mountain Unfinished Symphony

8. Repetition • An exact repeat of a musical idea. See ostinato, riff. • There is repetition in this piece – compare the first two lines. Hoedown In the Hall of the Mountain King

9. Question & Answer What did you have for dinner last night? I had pizza for dinner last night. What did you do when you got home from school? I went on my computer when I got home from school. What did you watch on tv last night? I watched Eastenders on tv last night.

10. Question & Answer Musical sentences, or phrases, use the same structure as English sentences. The answering rhythm must balance the ‘questioning’ (the opening) rhythm. Question and answer rhythms are found in all pieces of music. Many samba pieces begin with question and answer patterns between the leader and different people from the group. Task Your teacher will go round the group clapping a short question. You must try to clap back an answer which balances the question. There are very few ‘wrong’ answers to this.

11. Question and Answer • An opening phrase which is often followed by an 'answer'. Question and answer phrases tend to be of equal length and similar style. Morning Mood My Generation

12. Round • Each part sings or plays the same melody, entering one after the other. When they reach the end they start again, eg Frere Jacques. Round-ish Frere Jacques Frere Jacques IIFrere Jacques Clarinet

13. Chord • Two or more notes sounding together (play a note, miss a note, play a note, miss a note, play a note). Axis of Awesome (clean) C D E F G A B C

14. C D E F G A B C

15. D C D E F G A B C

16. Listening to chord changes Related concept – chord change Follow the pattern of a 12 bar blues on the next slide and identify on what chord your teacher stops the music. Lonely Avenue - Ray Charles Ray Charles- What'd I Say Duffy – Mercy The Clash - Should I Stay or Should I Go Chuck Berry - Johnny B. Goode

17. I/C I/C I/C I/C IV/F IV/F I/C I/C I/C V/G IV/F I/C

18. Dischord • A chord in which certain notes clash. Schoenberg A chord – pleasant sounding (play a note, miss a note, play a note, miss a note, play a note) A dischord – unpleasant sounding, clashes

19. The Blues • Blues started as Black American folk music, developing from spirituals and work songs. • Blues music is often in 4/4 time and is mostly patterned on a 12-bar structure (although 8 and 16 bars are also found) and on a scale where some notes are flattened. Muddy WatersRobert Johnson Big MaybelleB.B. King

20. Blues Scale

23. Jazz • At first this was music created by black Americans in the early 20th century. • Features of the music may include syncopation and improvisation. Benny GoodmanWoody Herman 2013 CompilationDuke Ellington Glenn MillerJools Holland

24. Improvisation • The performer makes up music during the actual performance. They don’t have the melody written down to help, although there may be suggested chords as a guide. • Improvisation is an important feature of jazz and popular music. Three Blind MiceIsn't She Lovely

25. Riff • A repeated phrase usually found in jazz and popular music. Keyboard riffs • This illustration shows the guitar riff for a song by The Kinks called 'You Really Got Me'. Notice the repeat marks at the start and end of the bar. You Really Got Me Back in Black I Believe in a Thing Called Love Ice Ice BabyAnother One Bites the Dust Hall of Fame

26. Rock ’n’ Roll • 1950s American music which grew from the combined styles of jazz, blues, gospel and country. Jailhouse Rock Rock Around The Clock Medely with Cliff Richard

27. Pop • A style of popular music played by a group of musicians. Dancing Queen Barbie Girl The One That Got Away

28. Rock • A style of popular music with a heavy, driving beat. Usually features electric guitar, bass guitar and drum kit Use Somebody How You Remind Me Dream On Smells Like Teen Spirit

29. Musical • A musical play which has speaking, singing and dancing and is performed on a stage. • In recent years the musical has seen a revival and may now deal with very dramatic stories and contain no dialogue. Musicals use a more 'normal' singing voice than opera. WickedThe Lion KingLes Miserables We Will Rock You

30. Scottish • Music of Scotland. CapercaillieInstruments Folk Groups • A group of singers and instrumentalists who perform traditional music from a particular country, eg Scotland and Ireland. Scottish folk music instruments might include fiddle, whistle, guitar, accordion and pipes (see ‘Scottish’). Mumford and SonsThe Corrs

31. Latin American Music • Dance music from South America. Percussion instruments provide lively off-beat dance rhythms. Gloria Estefan Jennifer Lopez Mambo Italiano Shakira