PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION

1. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION Relações Textuais em Língua Inglesa Prof.ª Flávia Cunha 2014.1

2. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION 1. S, C S. A common pattern used in all writing. The C stands for one of a small set of short connecting words called coordinators. Together, their first letters spell FANBOYS.

3. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION For example: a) Fido ran off, so I decided to look around for another dog . b) Sarah didn’t stay around this semester, for she had to visit her parents abroad. c) He studied hard, yet his grades were not exactly how he expected. Note: No punctuation is used before coordinators when the subject of the following sentence is not stated or if the two coordinated groups are very brief.

4. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION 2. S. T, S. T stands for a transition word or phrase. Some transition words and phrases are found in both formal and informal writing, others only in formal writing.

5. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION For example: The children were very happy. On the other hand, their parents were very proactive in providing good care.

6. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION 3. S; T, S. This is a formal variation of pattern (2). It is used occasionally in formal writing.

7. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION For example: • The children were very happy; on the other hand, their parents were very proactive in providing good care.

8. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION 4. S; S. This pattern is used frequently in formal writing when the ideas in the two independent clauses are closely connected.

9. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION For example: • The mother read the book; the child listened to the story.

10. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION 5. Sub …, S. Sub stands for subordinators. They never have commas immediately after them.

11. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION For Example: Although I can’t afford the tickets, I really want to go to Rock in Rio this year.

12. PATTERNS OF PUNCTUATION BUT: This is a good novel because it is funny and well-written.

13. TO BE REMEMBERED: EXCESSIVE USE OF COMMAS DISTRACTS THE READER, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE WRITER PLACES COMMAS INCORRECTLY. HERE ARE FOUR PLACES NOT TO USE COMMAS: A) BETWEEN THE SUBJECT AND THE VERB (READ ABOUT THE USE OF COMMAS WITH SUBORDINATE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES); B) AFTER SHORT WORD GROUPS, EVEN IF THEY ARE INTRODUCTORY, UNLESS THEY ARE TRANSITION WORDS LIKE IN FACT, FOR EXAMPLE, HOWEVER; C) BEFORE COORDINATORS WHEN THE SUBJECT OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE IS NOT STATED; D) IF THE TWO COORDINATED GROUPS ARE VERY BRIEF.

14. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBIALS: IMPORTANT NOTES: These connectives relate TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES; • if you are unsure about the precise meaning of these words, CHECK YOUR DICTIONARY; • when you are writing FORMALLY, you should use these connectives, but if you use too many in one piece of writing, it sounds POMPOUS and may ANNOY your reader; • whenever you have a conjunctive adverbial to join two independent clauses, CHECH THE PUNCTUATION pattern to be used: • BE SURE the conjunctive adverbial chosen really RELATES one sentence to the other.

15. EDITING THE TEXT: My name is José I came to the United States seven years ago, I’ve gone from fifth grade in public school, to junior high, to high school and now to college. I think this has been a great achievement for me and it will be an even greater achievement if I make it through college and get my degree. About myself I’m five feet five I weigh one hundred and twenty pounds, I’m eighteen years old, I live with my mother, my brother and my sister. All of them speak two languages our first language is Spanish we speak this language at home and all the times that we’re together. Writing seems easy for me even though I don’t do a very good job of it, I do like to write, I think that if they gave me a choice between writing a lot and reading a lot I would choose writing, even though I have problems with spelling forming paragraphs, or being clear about the major point in my essay I tend to confuse the person reading it, instead of having my thoughts in writing clear.

16. PUNCTUATING CORRECTLY My name is José. I came to the United States seven years ago. I’ve gone from fifth grade in public school, to junior high, to high school, and now to college. I think this has been a great achievement for me, and it will be an even greater achievement if I make it through college and get my degree. About myself, I’m five feet five. I weigh one hundred and twenty pounds.I’m eighteen years old. I live with my mother, my brother,and my sister. All of them speak two languages.Our first language is Spanish. We speak this language at home and all the times that we’re together. Writing seems easy for me. Even though I don’t do a very good job of it, I do like to write. I think that if they gave me a choice between writing a lot and reading a lot, I would choose writing even though I have problems with spelling, forming paragraphs, or being clear about the major point in my essay. I tend to confuse the person reading it, instead of having my thoughts in writing clear.