System of government King or Queen has complete control over government & its people Autocracy

1. The Age of Absolutism 16th & 17th Centuries • System of government • King or Queen has complete control over government & its people • Autocracy • Centralized Government • Nation states

2. Absolutism • Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right • Authority comes from God • Similar to “Mandate of Heaven” • Monarchs are “Above the Law” • Common features- Strong armies,limited representative bodies, high taxes

3. Causes of Absolutism • Breakdown of Feudalism/ Rise of Nation states • Continuous Warfare • Need for money • Exploration • Declining influence of the church

4. Effects of Absolutism • Regulation of Religion & society • Loss of power by nobility & legislatures • New government Bureaucracies • Huge building projects

5. Partner Work 1. What were 3 causes of Absolutism? 2. What were all the effects of Absolutism?

6. Absolutism in Spain • The Hapsburg Monarchy • 1556 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V divides empire • Son Phillip II rules Spain, Netherlands & Italy

7. 3. Watch the video a. Explain how Phillip got his power b. Why was the Spanish Armada defeated c. What were some of the economic problems Spain faced? d. What were some political problems? e. What info is there about Phillip? f. How is Phillip remembered? g. Identify and explain the issues Spain had during Phillip’s reign.

9. Philip II (1556-1598) • Promoted “Golden age of Spain” • Wealth from colonies helped buildup military • Defender of Catholicism • 1588-Spanish Armada defeated by England (Elizabeth I) • 1600’s Spain power declines • Financial problems

10. 1588 Spanish Armada Defeated "Protestant Wind"

11. Absolutism in France • The Bourbon Monarchy • Henry IV increases power of Govt. & decreases power of nobility • Louis the XIII strengthens & builds up military • Cardinal Richelieu subdues nobles & Huguenots

12. Louis XIV "The Ultimate Absolutist" • Known as “The Sun King” • Ruled for 72 years • Mercantilistpolicies • Built the strongest army in Europe • Expanded bureaucracy • Never called the Estates General • Persecuted the Huguenots • French Protestants

13. 4. Who was Henry IV and what did he do? • 5. Who was Louis XIV and what did he do? • Define Huguenots.

14. The Sun King

15. Built Lavish palace @ Versailles • “Gilded Cage” for nobility • His successors inherited enormous debts (costly Wars & extravagance)

20. 7. Pretend you are a peasant in France under Louis the XIV reign and you visit the lavish palace of Versailles. Your family has only had bread and broth to eat for a week. Explain in 5-7 sentences how this makes you feel.

21. Absolutism in Russia • 1480 Russian rulers drive Mongols out • Early Czars Ivan III & Ivan IV (Terrible) used harsh methods to unify Russia & strengthen Monarchy • 1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty

22. Ivan the Terrible kills his child & Heir

23. Peter The Great 1682-1725 • Grand Embassy tour • Toured Europe learning new technologies • Westernization/Modernization • Introduced western ideas • Laws, technology, culture

24. Built largest army in Europe • Won territory along the Baltic Sea • St. Petersburg becomes “Window to the West” • Major trading port & new capital

25. Centralized power • Reduced power of the nobility • Brought Orthodox Church under his control

26. What did Ivan the Terrible do while in power? • What did Peter the Great do to improve lives in Russia? • How did Peter the Great westernize Russia?

27. Russia under Peter the Great

29. Early Checks on English Monarchs • 1215 King John forced to sign Magna Carta • Limited King’s powers • 1295 Edward I establishes Model Parliament • Lawmaking body • House of Lords & House of Commons

30. Henry VII1485-1509 Henry VIII1509-1547 Edward VI1547-1553 Parliament keeps the Monarchy in Check • Parliament successfully blocked attempted shifts to absolute rule • The Tudor Monarchs(1485-1603) generally worked well w/ Parliament • Ex. Henry VIII & Elizabeth I

31. What was the purpose of the Magna Carta? • What did the Model Parliament do to the Monarchy? • How did the Parliament keep the Monarchy in check?

32. Mary I1553-1558 Elizabeth I1558-1603 James I The Stuart Monarchs • Had absolutist tendencies (Strong belief in Divine Right) • James I & son Charles I Consistently clashed with Parliament over finance & foreign policy • Angered Puritans

33. The English Civil War • Known as the Puritan Revolution (1643) • Charles’s Cavaliers vs. Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell • Charles I is overthrown by forces loyal to Parliament • beheaded in 1649

34. How did the Stuarts anger the Puritans? • What happened during the English Civil War?

35. Cromwell & the Commonwealth • England became a Republic called the Commonwealth • At first Cromwell & Parliament share power • 1653 Cromwell assumes Title of Lord Protector & rules as a dictator • Cromwell brutally put down revolts in Ireland & Scotland (Genocide)

36. Cromwell as Lord Protector

37. Who was Cromwell and how was he important to England? • What happened to Cromwell after 1653?

38. Restoration & The Glorious Revolution • Upon Cromwell’s death, Parliament restores Stuart Monarchy to throne • Charles II & James II became unpopular due to absolutist policies • Parliament fears return of Catholicism(James II) • Parliament overthrows James II & asks William & Mary to assume throne (Glorious Revolution)

39. 1688-William & Mary forced to sign English Bill of Rights. • Guarantees Parliament’s superiority over the Monarchy • England becomes a Limited Monarchy (Remains today)

40. 19. What happened after Cromwell’s death? • How does the monarchy change after William and Mary come to power? • Last Question!!!!! Worth 5 points!!!!! • 21. Explain how did the English Monarchy change from the Magna Carta to William and Mary’s reign.