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Government Chapter Two

Government Chapter Two. Historical Origins. 2.1 The Colonial Period. English Heritage Limited Government Representative Government Colonial governments Written Constitutions Colonial Legislatures Separation of Powers. Chapter 2 ACOS. Identify origins and functions of government.

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Government Chapter Two

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  1. GovernmentChapter Two Historical Origins

  2. 2.1 The Colonial Period • English Heritage • Limited Government • Representative Government • Colonial governments • Written Constitutions • Colonial Legislatures • Separation of Powers

  3. Chapter 2 ACOS • Identify origins and functions of government.

  4. English Heritage • The U.S. was established and governed originally by Great Britain. • Limited government and representative government were key components of English government.

  5. Limited Government • English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215. • The document limited the power of the king. • It guaranteed legal rights to the nobility. • It was the basis of limited government. Effigy of King John on his tomb

  6. Limited Government • Parliament forced Charles I to sign the Petition of Right in 1628. • It limited the king’s power. • The king could not imprison people without just cause, quarter troops in private homes, or declare martial law. Charles I

  7. Limited Government • Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights in 1688. • It limited the king even more. • This would apply to the American colonists.

  8. Representative Government • The English elected members to Parliament. • Writers like John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau influenced English thoughts about representative government. • They later influenced America’s founding fathers.

  9. Name that Founding Father!

  10. Colonial governments • American democratic republic evolved from the colonial governments. • Each colonial government had the following: • a written constitution • an elected legislature • separation of powers between the governor and legislature

  11. Written Constitutions • The Mayflower Compact is the first plan of self-government enacted in the colonies. • The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was America’s first written constitution.

  12. Colonial Legislatures • Virginia’s House of Burgesses was the first legislative body in America. • In New England, church members were often the only voters allowed. • America had a long history of representative government before the Revolution.

  13. Separation of Powers • Colonial constitutions divided power among at least two branches of government. • Separation of powers was made popular by Charles-Louis Montesquieu.

  14. Issues to Debate:Free Speech • Turn to page 41 in your textbook. • Does society’s need to maintain order outweigh the right for artistic expression, if the art promotes violence or defames a portion of our population? • Are there dangers in limiting artistic expression?

  15. 2.2 The Revolutionary Period • Salutary Neglect • Stamp Act • The Townshend Acts • Boston Massacre • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • First Continental Congress • Common Sense • The Second Continental Congress • The Declaration of Independence

  16. Chapter 2 ACOS • Identify origins and functions of government.

  17. Salutary Neglect • Britain allowed its colonies more self-rule than other European nations did. • The colonies were thriving when the British exercised salutary neglect. • After the French and Indian War, Britain looked to the colonies to pay the debt from the war. • King George III quickly began tightening his control on the colonies.

  18. Stamp Act • In March 1765, the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act. • This law taxed newspapers, pamphlets, books, legal documents, and other printed materials. • The Stamp Act was the first time that the British government taxed the colonists directly and specifically for raising money.

  19. Stamp Act • In October 1765, delegates from nine colonies met for the Stamp Act Congress in New York. • They voted to boycott British goods. • Parliament repealed the act.

  20. The Townshend Acts • The Townshend Acts placed a duty of lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea. • The revenue would pay the salaries of the royal governors in America. • The colonists effectively organized another boycott. • Parliament lifted all the duties except on tea. Charles Townshend

  21. Boston Massacre • British troops were sent to Boston, Massachusetts to enforce the Townshend Acts. • On March 5, 1770, a group of colonists created a riot in Boston. • The British soldiers fired into the crowd killing five colonists and wounding six others. • This event was called the Boston Massacre. Crispus Attucks

  22. Boston Tea Party • In May 1773, the Parliament passed the Tea Act. • On December 16, 1773, colonists disguised as Indians boarded three tea ships in the Boston harbor. • They dumped all of the tea into the harbor. • This incident became known as the Boston Tea Party. • They destroyed over $4 million worth of tea in today’s currency.

  23. Intolerable Acts • In the spring of 1774, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts to punish Massachusetts. • Many Americans called the new laws the Intolerable Acts because they were so harsh.

  24. Intolerable Acts • The colonists formed the First Continental Congress and met at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

  25. First Continental Congress • The delegates were divided into radicals and moderates: • Radicals included Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, John Jay, and Richard Henry Lee. • Moderates included George Washington, John Dickinson, and George Read. • They continued to protest British offenses.

  26. First Continental Congress Radicals Samuel Adams Patrick Henry John Jay Richard Henry Lee

  27. First Continental Congress Moderates George Washington John Dickenson George Read

  28. Common Sense • Thomas Painepublished Common Sense in January 1776 just before the Second Continental Congress. • It was a pamphlet written in a simple style that tried to persuade Americans to support independence. T-Pain

  29. Look up Now! Who proposed a resolution for a declaration of America’s independence?

  30. The Second Continental Congress • The Second Continental Congress met in Independence Hall in Philadelphia with all the colonies represented. • John Hancock was elected president of the congress.

  31. Independence Hall

  32. The Second Continental Congress • This congress served as the official government of the U.S. throughout the war. • After fighting for nearly a year, Richard Henry Lee proposed a resolution for independence. Richard Henry Lee

  33. Look Up NOW! “The Second Day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America—I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding Generations as the great anniversary Festival.” —John Adams Why does he refer to July 2?

  34. The Declaration of Independence • The Second Continental Congress appointed five people to serve on a committee to draft the Declaration of Independence: • John Adams • Benjamin Franklin • Thomas Jefferson • Robert Livingston • Roger Sherman

  35. The Declaration of Independence • Jefferson wrote the main draft which was approved on July 4, 1776.

  36. The Declaration of Independence • He divided the Declaration into four parts: • Thepreamblewas theintroduction, which explained the Declaration’s purpose. • Jefferson used John Locke’s ideas in thedeclaration of rights, • The third section contains thecomplaintsagainst the king. • The fourth section is theresolutionthatdeclared the independence of the United States.

  37. Pulling Down the Statue of George III • What symbolic message is being sent by this action?

  38. 2.3 The Critical Period • The Articles of Confederation • Push for a Stronger Government • Shays’ Rebellion

  39. Chapter 2 ACOS • Identify origins and functions of government.

  40. Section Preview • Create a foldable study guide showing the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

  41. The Articles of Confederation • The Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation in November 1777. • Ratification was delayed until 1781.

  42. The Articles of Confederation • The time period from 1781 to 1789 is called “The Critical Period.” • The Articles of Confederation established a weak, national government. • Characteristics • Unicameral (One-house) legislature (one vote per state) • No federal court system • No executive branch

  43. The Articles of Confederation • Strengths of the Articles • Congress had control over foreign affairs. (It negotiated the Treaty of Paris 1783) • It laid the foundation for future westward expansion through the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which the idea that newer states would be created with equal power to the older states. • It provided Congress power to establish government departments like the Departments of War and the treasury.

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