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10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES

I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State. 10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES. The information in this presentation was provided to the presenter by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and may be modified. Endorsement of this presentation by the AAOS is not implied or inferred.

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10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES

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  1. I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State 10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES

  2. The information in this presentation was provided to the presenter by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and may be modified. Endorsement of this presentation by the AAOS is not implied or inferred. Thank you to A. Herbert Alexander, MD for his significant contributions to the content of this presentation.

  3. What is an orthopaedic surgeon? • MD or DO who specializes in treatment and health maintenance of musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, cartilage and spine)

  4. What is an orthopaedic surgeon? • The expert in treating the musculoskeletal system • The expert in maintaining musculoskeletal health

  5. Educating an Orthopaedic Surgeon • College • Medical School • Orthopaedic Internship and Residency • Fellowship (optional) • 2 Years Practice TOTAL 4 4 5 (1) 2 16 years!

  6. What do orthopaedic surgeons do? • Diagnose • Treat • Medication • Physical Therapy • Exercise • Brace • Surgery • Prevent

  7. Common Orthopaedic Injuries • Ankle Sprain • Plantar Fasciitis • Tennis Elbow • ACL Tear • Meniscus Tear Shoulder Dislocation Rotator Cuff Tear Stress Fractures Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Distal Radius Fracture

  8. Acute - sudden trauma such as sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures Overuse - series of repeated small injuries Acute vs. Overuse Injuries

  9. Ligament injury Ankle pain, tenderness, swelling Ankle Sprain Twisting force One or more of these ligaments can be torn or stretched. Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

  10. Ankle Sprain

  11. R.I.C.E. Rehabilitation Anti-inflammatory Brace Ankle Sprain Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

  12. Microtears of plantar fascia Painful heel Plantar Fasciitis

  13. Tape heel, arch Customized orthotics Stretching Massage Exercises Plantar Fasciitis

  14. Warm up well before sports or activities Ice heel, 20-30 minutes after sports or stretching Anti-inflammatories Night splint Massage Plantar Fasciitis - Treatment

  15. Prepare before running Wear good, supportive shoes Arch support Keep feet strong Avoid activities that cause heel pain See orthopaedic surgeon if pain persists Plantar Fasciitis

  16. Lateral epicondyle Tennis Elbow

  17. Warm up, stretch before play Correct, maintained equipment Condition beforehand Evaluate cause Tennis Elbow

  18. Direct blow to knee Non-contact injury, with foot planted and an and attempted change in direction Landing on straight leg Making abrupt stops ACL Injury

  19. ACL Tear Normal anatomy Hyperextension Anterior cruciate ligament Femur Femur slips Anterior cruciate ligament tears Patella Tibia Fibula Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

  20. ACL Tear • Treatment – surgical • Incidence of ACL much higher among female athletes • Combination of causal factors

  21. ACL Tear- Prevention Land safely from jumps Practice cutting maneuvers Use little steps to stop Strengthening exercises

  22. Helps knee joint carry weight, glide, and turn Twisting injury Football and other contact sports Meniscus Tear

  23. Pain Giving way Locking Clicking Swelling Meniscus Tear

  24. Meniscus Tear Normal meniscus Torn meniscus

  25. Normal Shoulder Reproduced with permission from Thompson WO, Warren RF, Barnes RP, Hunt S: Shoulder Injuries in Schenck RC (ed): Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, 3rd Edition. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1999

  26. Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation

  27. Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation • Intense pain • Shoulder looks out of place or locked in certain positions • Muscle spasms • Bruises, swelling, numbness, weakness

  28. Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation Reproduced with permission from: Soft Tissue Trauma, in Bernstein J (ed):Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

  29. Closed grip pull-downs Rotation exercises Resistance exercises Surgery Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation

  30. Rotator Cuff Tear

  31. Shoulder pain Worse at night Weakness Catching Limited motion Rotator Cuff Tear

  32. Treatment Rest Cold & heat Sling Physical Therapy NSAIDS Injection Surgery Rotator Cuff Tear

  33. Prevention Avoid repetitive activities with the arm at shoulder level or higher Rotator Cuff Tear

  34. Stress Fractures Calcaneus Tibia Talus Fibula Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Talus Ankle joint (tibiotalar joint) Midfoot (tarsals) Metatarsals Phalanges Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

  35. “Micro-cracks” Pain “Overuse” Stress Fractures

  36. Median nerve Transverse carpal ligament Flexor tendons Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  37. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Clumsiness Numbness Tingling Pain

  38. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  39. Splint or brace at night Cortisone injections Anti-inflammatories Surgery to release ligament Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  40. Also known as wrist fracture Fall on outstretched hand Snowboarders, skaters Nondisplaced - cast Displaced - surgery Distal Radius Fracture

  41. Normal Wrist

  42. Distal Radius Fracture

  43. Keep it dry Don’t pull out the padding Don’t stick objects inside Keep dirt, sand & powder out Don’t break off or trim edges Wrist Fracture – Cast Care

  44. Signs of trouble: Increased pain & feeling cast is too tight Numbness or tingling in the hand Burning or stinging Excessive swelling in the hands and fingers Loss of active movement of fingers Loosening Wrist Fracture – Cast Care

  45. Overuse Injuries & Boomeritis® Training errors Improper technique Less-than-optimal environment

  46. Overuse Injuries Change intensity, duration, frequency Warm up Heat before, ice after Cross train Technique

  47. Boomeritis® • Exercise - key, but . . . • Bike accidents prevail • Mortality > children • < 50% wear helmets

  48. Boomeritis® tendinitis sprains bursitis strains

  49. Treatment

  50. R.I.C.E. Alter or stop sports activities Physical therapy & medication Surgery may be warranted Treatment

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