Limiting Government Powers: Jefferson & Republicans

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The Republicans Take Power Section 2:The Louisiana Purchase Section 3:A Time of Conflict Section 4:The War of 1812 Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. The Republicans Take Power Essential QuestionIn what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government? Chapter Intro

4. The Louisiana Purchase Essential QuestionHow did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy and politics? Chapter Intro

5. A Time of Conflict Essential QuestionWhat were the challenges to the nation’s stability during the late 1700s and early 1800s? Chapter Intro

6. The War of 1812 Essential QuestionHow did the United States benefit from the War of 1812? Chapter Intro

7. Chapter Time Line

8. Chapter Time Line

9. Chapter Preview-End

10. In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government? Section 1-Essential Question

11. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • laissez-faire • customs duties • judicial review Academic Vocabulary • similar • conflict Section 1-Key Terms

12. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Thomas Jefferson • Aaron Burr • Judiciary Act of 1801 • Marbury v. Madison Section 1-Key Terms

13. A B C D What factor most influences people today on who they vote for in an election? A.The candidate’s political party affiliation B.The candidate’s opinion on a specific issue C.How likeable the candidate is D.The candidate’s physical appearance Section 1-Polling Question

14. The Election of 1800 The election of 1800 showed that power could be peacefully transferred even when the political parties were in disagreement. Section 1

15. The Election of 1800(cont.) • President Adams ran against Thomas Jeffersonin the presidential election of 1800. • The electoral votes were tied, so the House of Representatives had to decide the election. • Jefferson won and Aaron Burrbecame vice president. Election Results, 1800 Section 1

16. The Election of 1800(cont.) • Jefferson’s belief that a large federal government threatened liberty was similarto the French philosophy known as laissez-faire. Section 1

17. A B C D In their letter writing campaign, Thomas Jefferson’s supporters warned that re-electing President Adams would do what? A.Raise taxes B.Bring back monarchy C.Weaken the military D.Give too much power to individual states Section 1

18. Jefferson’s Presidency Thomas Jefferson wanted to reduce the power of the federal government. Section 1

19. Jefferson’s Presidency(cont.) • Thomas Jefferson repealed all federal internal taxes and funded the government through customs duties. • Jefferson was shut out of the judicial appointment process by President Adams’s last-minute appointments to the courts set up by the Judiciary Act of 1801. • Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review to help resolve conflictsconstitutionally. Section 1

20. A B C D Which of the following statements is a principle of judicial review? A.The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. B.State law takes precedence over federal law. C.The Constitution should not be followed when it conflicts with any other law. D.The legislative branch is responsible for upholding the Constitution. Section 1

21. Section 1-End

22. How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy and politics? Section 2-Essential Question

23. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • Conestoga wagon • secede Academic Vocabulary • purchase • authority Section 2-Key Terms

24. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Napoleon Bonaparte • Meriwether Lewis • William Clark • Sacagawea • Zebulon Pike Section 2-Key Terms

25. A B C D How appealing is the idea of packing up all of your belongings and moving to a new area? A.Very appealing B.Somewhat appealing C.Somewhat unappealing D.Very unappealing Section 2-Polling Question

26. Western Territory As Americans moved west in the early 1800s, Spain and France made a secret agreement about land that affected American trade. Section 2

27. Western Territory(cont.) • American pioneers loaded their Conestoga wagons and moved towards the Mississippi river, then the westernmost boundary of the United States. • The Louisiana Territory—the land west of the Mississippi River—belonged to Spain. • In 1802 Spain secretly transferred the Louisiana Territory to France. Section 2

28. Western Territory(cont.) • France’s leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, had plans to create empires in Europe and the Americas. • A revolt by enslaved Africans and other laborers in the key port of Santo Domingo ended Napoleon’s dream of a Western empire. Section 2

29. A B C D Why did French control of the Louisiana Territory worry Jefferson? A.He worried Napoleon would try to start a war with the United States. B.He feared France’s alliance with Native American tribes C.He worried that the farmers along the Mississippi would not be able to send their goods to New Orleans for trade with East Coast markets. D.He had a secret deal with the Spanish to expand the United States’ border west of the Mississippi. Section 2

30. The Nation Expands The Louisiana Purchase opened a vast area to exploration and settlement. Section 2

31. The Nation Expands(cont.) • Needing money to fund his war against Britain, Napoleon agreed to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million. • President Jefferson worried whether the government had constitutional authority to make such a purchase. Louisiana Purchase and Westward Expansion Section 2

32. The Nation Expands(cont.) • In 1804 Congress sponsored an expedition to explore the new western territory and search for the Northwest Passage. • Meriwether Lewisand William Clark led the expedition and were guided by a young Shoshone woman named Sacagawea. • Lieutenant Zebulon Pike also led expeditions through the upper Mississippi Valley and into present-day Colorado. Section 2

33. The Nation Expands(cont.) • Opposed to the Louisiana Purchase, some Federalists plotted to secedefrom the Union. • Alexander Hamilton was killed by Aaron Burr in a duel. Burr had blamed Hamilton for ruining his political career. Section 2

34. A B C D Which factor prompted Napoleon’s decision to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States? A.The movement of American settlers west B.France’s plans to go to war against Russia C.The loss of the naval base at Santo Domingo D.Spain’s refusal to allow American goods to move into or past New Orleans Section 2

35. Section 2-End

36. What were the challenges to the nation’s stability during the late 1700s and early 1800s? Section 3-Essential Question

37. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • tribute • neutral rights • impressment • embargo • nationalism Academic Vocabulary • react • restriction Section 3-Key Terms

38. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Embargo Act • Nonintercourse Act • Tecumseh • Battle of Tippecanoe • Henry Clay • John Calhoun Section 3-Key Terms

39. A B C D Why do you think the newly-created United States most needed a navy? A.To invade European countries B.To protect American trading vessels C.To protect coastal cities from attack D.To explore and colonize new lands Section 3-Polling Question

40. Americans on Foreign Seas Pirates made travel by sea dangerous and brought the United States into conflict with Tripoli. Section 3

41. Americans on Foreign Seas(cont.) • Because France and Britain were at war, American merchant ships took over much of the transport of goods and profited greatly. • Pirates from the Barbary Coast of Africa frequently intercepted ships and demanded tribute in exchange for safe passage. • In 1804 Tripoli declared war on the United States for Jefferson’s refusal to pay tribute. Section 3

42. A B C D Why did Tripoli declare war on the United States? A.The United States refused to pay tribute. B.The United States blockaded the coast of Tripoli. C.The United States refused to trade with Tripoli. D.American pirates were boarding trading vessels from Tripoli. Section 3

43. Freedom of the Seas A war between Great Britain and France threatened the security of the United States, as well as American shipping and trade. Section 3

44. Freedom of the Seas(cont.) • The United States tried to retain neutral rights in the war between Britain and France. • In desperate need of sailors for their naval war, the British boarded American ships and forced members of their crews to serve in the British navy in a practice known as impressment. Economics & History Section 3

45. Freedom of the Seas(cont.) • A British attack on an American ship, the Chesapeake, caused Americans to react with violent anti-British feeling. • In 1807, Congress passed theEmbargo Act, which was an embargoagainst all foreign trade. • Later the Nonintercourse Act, which prohibited trade only with Britain and France, was passed. Section 3

46. A B C D Why did the Embargo Act backfire? A.Because it allowed pirates to take control of the seas. B.Because it caused France and England to make an alliance. C.Because it caused taxes to be raised. D.Because it cut the United States off from trade with other countries. Section 3

47. War Fever Trade issues with Britain and France and tensions between Native Americans and settlers challenged James Madison. Section 3

48. War Fever(cont.) • Congress lifted its trade restrictions with France in 1810, but American ships continued to be seized by both the French and British. • A Native American confederacy, led by Shawnee chief Tecumseh, wanted to halt the movement of settlers into Native American land. Territorial Expansion, 1800–1820 Section 3

49. War Fever(cont.) • After defeat at the Battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh made an alliance with the British. • A group of young Republicans known as the War Hawks, led by Henry Clayand John Calhoun, wanted President Madison to take a more aggressive stand toward Britain. • The War Hawks’ nationalismappealed to a renewed American patriotism. Territorial Expansion, 1800–1820 Section 3

50. War Fever(cont.) • In 1812 the U.S. declared war against Britain, not knowing that the British had decided to change their policy of capturing American ships. Territorial Expansion, 1800–1820 Section 3