Cell structure and Function Review Campbell and Reese Chapters 6 & 7

1. Cell structure and Function ReviewCampbell and ReeseChapters 6 & 7 http://www.animationlibrary.com http://python.rice.edu/~kolomeisky/transport.htmhttp://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

2. NAME THE CELL PART smooth ER Makes steroids for membranes ______________ Burns glucose and stores energy as ATP ___________________ Transports proteins made by its attached ribosomes ________________ Regulates calcium levelsin muscle cells ________________ Outer layer that provides support& protection for plant cells _______________ Mitochondria Rough ER Smooth ER Cell wall

3. Movement of water molecules across the membrane with the help of aquaporins NAME THE KIND OF TRANSPORT OSMOSIS

4. NAME THE CELL PART smooth ER chloroplasts Breaks down toxins in liver cells _____________ Contains thylakoids ___________________ Protein synthesis ________________ Contain cristae ________________ Organize spindle and guide chromosomes during animal _________________ cell division ribosomes mitochondria centrioles

5. NAME THE CELL PART chloroplast Use energy from sunlight _____________ to make glucose Sac of digestive enzymes __________________ Modify, sort, and package ________________ proteins for export Store water in plant cells ________________ Region where microtubules for mitotic spindle are initiated ________________ lysosomes Golgi apparatus (body) Central vacuole centrosome

6. A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called ____________________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

7. NAME THE CELL PART GOLGI Has a cis and trans surface _____________ Area in nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced _________________ Membrane that encloses ________________ the central vacuole in a plant cell Channels through cell walls _______________ that connect adjacent plant cells nucleolus tonoplast plasmodesmata

8. NAME THE CELL PART extracellular matrix (ECM) Glycoprotein rich substance ______________ in which animal tissue cells are embedded Intracellular connection between animal cells that function like rivets to fasten cells together into strong sheets (also called anchoring junctions) ___________________ Stack of thylakoids ________________ desmosomes Granum (pl. grana)

9. NAME THE CELL PART smooth ER Called sarcoplasmic reticulum ______________ in muscle cells Double membrane enclosing ________________ the nucleus Creates a boundary and ________________ controls what enters and leaves cell Netlike array of protein filaments that maintains ________________ nuclear shape Nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane) Plasma membrane (cell membrane) nuclear lamina

10. Name the transport proteins that help move water molecules across cell membranes Aquaporins PASSIVE This process is a kind of ___________ transport. passive active

11. Molecules move across the membrane from high concentration to low concentration withouthelp from transport proteins or vesicles NAME THE KIND OF TRANSPORT diffusion

12. NAME THE CELL PART nuclear pores Openings in nuclear envelope ______________ that regulate entry & exit Small membrane sacs used ________________ for transport and storage ER without ribosomes ________________ Metabolic compartments that produce hydrogen ________________ peroxide vesicles Smooth ER peroxisomes

13. NAME THE CELL PART basal body Centriole-like structure ______________ that anchors cilia & flagella Many, short structures with a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules that help in movement ___________ ER with ribosomes ________________ Few, long hair-like structures with a 9 + 2 microtubule ________________ arrangement that move cells (ie. Sperm tail) cilia Rough ER flagella

14. Name this organelle http://www.peer.tamu.edu/.../module_3/whatweknow2.htm mitochondrion

15. NAME THE CELL PART anchoring junctions Another name for desmosomes _______________ Intracellular connection between animal cells (most like plasmodesmata) through which ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules can pass ___________________ Region in a prokaryote where ________________DNA is found Gap junctions nucleoid

16. The yellow heads of these phospholipid molecules stay on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because they are ______________. polar nonpolar polar

17. NAME THE CELL PART Intracellular connection between animal cells forming a continuous seal to prevent leaking of extracellular fluid across epithelial cells ___________________ Network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm that play a role in support and movement________________ tight junctions cytoskeleton

18. NAME THE CELL PART stroma Fluid surrounding the grana that contains the chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, _______________ and enzymes for photosynthesis Fluid filled compartment enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane that contains mitochondrial DNA, _____________ ribosomes, and enzymes for cellular respiration matrix

19. Molecule with a glycerol phosophate head and two fatty acid tails which is a major component in cell membranes phospholipid Energy storage molecule produced in mitochondria when glucose is metabolized ATP

20. Vacuoles in freshwater protiststhat maintain water balance by pumping out excess water These structures are necessary for survival because a pond or lake is ___________ compared tothe organisms that live there. hypotonic hypertonic CONTRACTILE VACUOLES http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjun99/vidjun1.gif hypotonic

21. They are phospholipids Name this group of molecules These molecules are the main component in which cell part? Cell membranes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cooper&part=A258&rendertype=figure&id=A258

22. eukaryote An animal cell is a ___________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle isthe ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.figgrp.2205

23. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.htmlhttp://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle Name this kind of transport ENDOCYTOSIS If the green square above represents a large molecule or a whole cell this would be called __________________ PHAGOCYTOSIS

24. The type of transport that uses vesicles to move substances OUT of cells is called ______________ exocytosis Which energy transport and storage molecule provides the energy needed for active transport? ATP

25. eukaryote An plant cell is a ___________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle isthe ____________ Smooth ER The Biology Coloring Book, Robert D. Griffin, Barnes and Noble Books, 1986 http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMSERE.html

26. The blue tails of these phospholipid molecules stay inside the bilayer away from water because they are ______________. polar nonpolar Non polar

27. This organelle isthe ____________ nucleus The dark spots inside are ________________ Nucleoli (sing. nucleolus) http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/IDS_101_histo_resource/cell_structure.htm

28. Substance attaches to specific membrane proteinsand is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle Name the type of transport Receptor mediatedENDOCYTOSIS The molecules that bind to the receptorsare called ______________ ligands

29. cilia The many short hairlike structures that help move this eukaryotic cell are __________ What pattern of microtubules would be found inside? 9+ 2

30. The one long hair-like structure that helps this sperm move is called a _______________ What pattern of microtubules would be found inside? flagella 9 + 2

31. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html Substance in put in a vesicle and transported up to the cell membraneand released OUTSIDE Name the kind of transport EXOCYTOSIS INSIDE OUTSIDECELL CELL ACTIVE This kind of transport is ____________ active passive

32. ENDOCYTOSIS Name the kind of transport Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle If these dots represent fluids or dissolved solutes this would be called ___________________ PINOCYTOSIS

33. prokaryotes Bacteria are ____________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage spaceis a ___________. Central vacuole

34. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Tell the parts of the cell theory. A small structure in a cell that performs a specific function = ______________ organelle

35. COMPARE AND CONTRASTPLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS ALIKE DIFFERENT BOTH EUKARYOTICContain DNA in chromosomes, ribosomes, Have membrane bound organelles (ie. ER, Golgi,) Use mitochondria for cellular respiration Plants- cell wall containing cellulose; animals-no cell wall Plants-a large central vacuole; animals- many, smaller vacuoles Plants- chloroplasts (autotrophs) and animal-don’t (heterotrophs) Animals-centrioles and plants- don’tAnimals-cholesterol in their cell membranesPlants store starch; animals store glycogen Plants have plasmodesmata; animals have gap junctions

36. When you sit in the bathtub, your fingers get wrinkly because the bath water enters your skin cells. This is because bath water is ____________ compared to your skin cells hypotonic Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic

37. In the diagrams below the circle represents a cell in a liquid environment and the black dots represent solute molecules… Use –TONIC words to label the solutions compared to the cells HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC HYPOTONIC

38. PASSIVE PASSIVE Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE Facilitated diffusion ___________________ Osmosis ____________________ Na + - K+ pump ____________________ Diffusion ____________________ Endocytosis _______________________ Exocytosis ________________________ ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE

39. Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles, basal body, mitotic spindle Name cell part that is made of microtubules Name the most abundant glycoproteinin the extracellular matrix made of strong fibers embedded in a network of woven from proteoglycan collagen

40. HYPO Freshwater fish live in a _____tonic environment. To maintain its water/ion balance (osmoregulation) a freshwater fish must urinate frequently and actively pump ions in through its gills

41. PASSIVE ACTIVE Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE Gated channels ___________________ Receptor mediated endocytosis_______________ Ion channels ____________________ Proton pump ____________________ Pinocytosis _______________________ Phagocytosis ________________________ PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE

42. This diagram represents an animal cell in a liquid environment. The black dots represent solute molecules. iso This cell is in a _____tonic solution. It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size stay the same size

43. This diagram represents an animal cell in a liquid environment. The black dots represent solute molecules. hyper This cell is in a ______tonic solution. shrink It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size

44. The coupling of the “downhill” diffusion of one substance with the “uphill” transportof another substance against its gradient is called _____________ cotransport http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/2003/talbert/YFYG.html

45. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm Gated ion channel Name the kind of transport Membrane proteins make a passageway through the membrane for ions that opens or closes due to a chemical or electrical stimulus

46. Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that has its OWN DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue

47. This diagram represents an animal cell in a liquid environment. The black dots represent solute molecules. hypo This cell is in a _____tonic solution. It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size swell and burst

48. HYPER To maintain its water/ion balance (osmoregulation) a marine fish drinks sea water, rarely urinates, and actively pump ions out through its gills Marine (salt water) fish live in a _____tonic environment. http://www.floridafishinginfo.net/Blackfin%20Tuna.jpg

49. Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________  _________ _____________ ______________ organ cell tissue Organ system organism

50. ACTIVE ____________ transport can move molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient. Active Passive When you mix iodine with ____________ you will see a black/purple color change. starch