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Basics of Titration

Basics of Titration. by Michael Margreth. One of the oldest analytical methods Based on chemical reaction Determination of the volume of a standard solution (titrant) Standard solution contains a defined number of molecules Measuring volume = counting molecules TITRATION MEANS COUNTING!.

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Basics of Titration

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  1. Basics of Titration by Michael Margreth

  2. One of the oldest analytical methods Based on chemical reaction Determination of the volume of a standard solution (titrant) Standard solution contains a defined number of molecules Measuring volume = counting molecules TITRATION MEANS COUNTING! Basics

  3. Titrant Sample Titration Start

  4. Titrant Titrant + Sample Titration Endpoint

  5. Titrant Titrant + Sample Titration End

  6. Titrant Color indicator Principle of a Manual Titration • - optical detection • manual control • manual addition

  7. All in one! • Dosing • Measuring • Controlling • Evaluation

  8. Titrations Modes • Set Endpoint Titration SET • Monotonic Equivalencepoint TitrationMET • Dynamic Equivalencepoint Titration DET • Karl Fischer Titration KFT

  9. SetEndpointTitration Signal[pH/mV] endpoint volume

  10. MonotonicEquivalence PointTitration Signal[pH/mV] equivalence point volume

  11. DynamicEquivalence PointTitration Signal[pH/mV] equivalence point volume

  12. In MET mode the steps are always the same In DET mode the steps are calculated by the Titrando EP1 EP1 Volume increment MET Mode DET Mode pH pH V [mL] V [mL]

  13. Karl FischerTitration Signal[mg/min] Endpoint volume

  14. Which mode for which titration?

  15. Endpoint evaluation circle method derivative method tangent method

  16. Titration steps • sample preparation (homogeneity) • right electrode choice • possibly electrode conditioning • titrant preparation • titer determination • buret/ sample size choice • correct arrangement in titration vessel • stirrer rate • method parameters • results calculation • report

  17. stirrer electrode buret Arrangement

  18. Titer • What is a titer? Correction factor • Why do we need the titer? To know the exact concentration of the titrant • What is the unit? none • How is the titer determined? With titrimetric standards • When do I have to determine a titer? frequently

  19. Absolute method Easy to carry out Carried out very rapidly Versatile method Highly reproducible and correct results Can be automated economical Advantages

  20. Hardware definition System

  21. Titrant definition

  22. Sensor definition

  23. Method definition Parameters

  24. Titration method

  25. Titration parameters

  26. Sensor

  27. Dosing device

  28. Stirrer

  29. Direct parameters

  30. Direct parameters

  31. Start conditions

  32. Titration parameters

  33. User defined parameters

  34. 4 default 0 high density 9 low density DET Mode DET Mode 8,5 8,5 8,0 8,0 7,5 7,5 pH pH EP1 EP1 7,0 7,0 6,5 6,5 6,0 6,0 -0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 V [ml] V [ml] Measurement density

  35. Stop conditions

  36. Evaluation

  37. Calculation

  38. Report

  39. Result report

  40. Curve report

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