MODULE FIVE:

2. Objectives: Students will: Understand tooth decay and its causes. Understand the importance of flossing and brushing as they relate to good oral hygiene. Understand the importance of eating a variety of healthy foods from each group in the Food Guide Pyramid. Understand appropriate serving sizes.

3. Health Protection and Promotion Act – 1999: Responsible for overseeing the organization and delivery of public health programs and services to prevent the spread of disease.

4. Disease prevention: Education on the dangers of smoking Vaccination for chicken pox Wearing sunscreen to prevent skin cancer Wearing a seatbelt to prevent injury

5. Secondary Prevention: Testing for certain diseases like scoliosis. Treating diseases with medicine, like diabetes and high cholesterol.

6. Tertiary Prevention: Physical therapy after an accident Oxygen for those with breathing problems Asthma treatments

7. Other primary prevention methods: Handwashing Stops bacteria and viruses from spreading. Isolating those who are ill Stay home from school if you are sick

8. Genetics—certain diseases might run in your family Behavior such as smoking or using drugs Physical environment such as air or water pollution Access to health care; for example, lack of transportation to the doctor Income; for example, lack of health insurance Education; for example, being unaware of the risks of certain behavior What factors affect health?

9. What determines a person’s health behavior? What they were taught Emotions Education Social status Environment Perception of risk

10. Chronic diseases: Very common Most are preventable Usually leads to a long course of illness Usually develops slowly Usually progresses over time Heart disease Diabetes Cancer Asthma

11. Infectious diseases: Diseases that can be carried and transmitted by humans or animals by different routes.

12. Airborne route: Bacteria and viruses are transmitted through small particles in the air. They must be able to live outside the body for a long period of time. They enter the body via the respiratory tract.

13. Oral-fecal route: Organisms that live in the digestive tract. Usually come from contaminated food. Lack of handwashing spreads the organisms. Improper cooking and storing of food can spread:

14. Transmission via direct contact: Person-to-person Touching Kissing Sexual contact Body lesions (sores or open areas)

15. Indirect contact:

16. Vector-borne: Transmitted by animals or insects, such as:

17. Borne by droplets: Measles SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- noted outbreak in China)

18. Summary: Health can be affected by: genetics, behavior, physical environment, access to healthcare, income, and education. There are three types of disease prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary disease prevention. Disease can be spread by different types of transmission, such as airborne, vectors, direct contact, and droplets.

20. What is tooth decay?

21. What is plaque?

23. Can plaque be removed? Yes, with good oral hygiene that includes: Brushing teeth at least twice a day to remove plaque on the surface of the teeth. Daily flossing to remove plaque between the teeth. Rinsing with mouthwash if you cannot use a toothbrush.

24. What is a cavity?

25. What are the best ways to keep teeth and gums healthy? Proper nutrition Dental exams Proper brushing Proper flossing

26. Cavities Root canals and loss of teeth Dentures Bridges Partial plates What happens if you don’t take care of your teeth?

27. Halitosis Bad breath is usually related to bacteria that live in the mouth. Bacteria consume foods and excrete wastes. Some of those wastes are sulfur compounds; when they are given off, it causes bad breath.

28. Even worse…

29. What to eat and not to eat: Limit foods that are high in sugar. For snacks, choose healthy foods that are not sticky. Chew sugarless gum. Raw fruits and vegetables are great for your teeth.

30. Dental exams:

31. Proper brushing and flossing: Brush teeth at least twice a day to remove the food particles and bacteria that can turn to plaque and cause decay. Floss teeth at least once a day to remove food particles that get stuck below the gum line and can cause gum disease.

32. Summary: Bad breath is caused by bacteria. Halitosis is another word for bad breath. Tooth plaque is also caused by bacteria.

35. Why is good nutrition so important? Lowers risk of many chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Helps to maintain a healthy weight. Provides people with more energy.

36. What is a “healthy diet”? Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products; Includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts; and Is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars.

37. Food tips: Vary your veggies Focus on fruit Go lean with protein Get your calcium rich foods Make half your grains whole Find your balance between food and physical activity

38. Limit sugar intake: Foods high in sugar often have too many calories and not enough nutrients. Sugar also promotes tooth decay.

39. Limit salty foods: Salty foods can increase your risk of high blood pressure.

40. Choose a diet high in fruits, vegetables and grain products. These foods provide vitamins, minerals, fiber and complex carbohydrates.

41. This will reduce your risk of heart attack, certain cancers, and will help maintain a healthy weight. Eat foods that are low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.

42. Limit alcohol intake: Alcohol is high in calories and provides little or no nutrition.

43. Summary: Try to stay away from high fat, high sugar, high salt foods and alcohol. A healthy diet includes fruits, vegetables, and grains. A healthy diet is very important because it lowers your risk of many chronic diseases. It helps to maintain a healthy weight and provides more energy. Exercise is important, too.