1 / 39

Module N° 4 – Hazards

Module N° 4 – Hazards. Building an SMS. Safety. Module 10 Phased approach to SMS Implementation. Management. Management. System. Module 8 SMS planning. Module 9 SMS operation. Module 5 Risks. Module 5 Risks.

bonner
Download Presentation

Module N° 4 – Hazards

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Module N° 4 – Hazards

  2. Building an SMS Safety Module 10 Phased approach to SMS Implementation Management Management System Module 8 SMS planning Module 9 SMS operation Module 5 Risks Module 5 Risks Module 6 SMS regulation Module 7 Introduction to SMS Module 3 Introduction to safety management Module 4 Hazards Module 1 SMS course introduction Module 2 Basic safety concepts Module 3 Introduction to safety management Module 4 Hazards

  3. Objective • At the end of this module, participants will be able to apply the fundamentals of hazard identification and analysis through a case study.

  4. Outline • Two definitions • First fundamental – Understanding hazards • Second fundamental – Hazard identification • Third fundamental – Hazard analysis • Fourth fundamental – Documentation of hazards • Questions and answers • Points to remember • Exercise 04/01 – International airport construction project (See Handout N° 3)

  5. Two definitions • Hazard – Condition, object or activity with the potential of causing injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform a prescribed function. • Consequence– Potential outcome(s) of the hazard. • A wind of 15 knots blowing directly across the runway is a hazard. • The potential that a pilot may not be able to control the aircraft during takeoff or landing is one of the consequences of the hazard.

  6. First fundamental – Understanding hazards • There is a natural tendency to describe hazards as their consequence(s). • “Unclear aerodrome signage” vs. “runway incursion” • Stating a hazard as consequence(s) • disguises the nature of the hazard • interferes with identifying other important consequences. • Well-named hazards • allow to infer the sources or mechanisms of the hazard • allow to evaluate the loss outcome(s).

  7. First fundamental – Understanding hazards • Types of hazards • Natural • Technical • Economic

  8. Examples of natural hazards • Severe weather or climatic events: • E.g.: hurricanes, major winter storms, drought, tornadoes, thunderstorms lighting, and wind shear. • Adverse weather conditions: • E.g.: Icing, freezing precipitation, heavy rain, snow, winds, and restrictions to visibility.

  9. Examples of natural hazards • Geophysical events: • E.g.: earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, floods and landslides. • Geographical conditions: • E.g.: adverse terrain or large bodies of water. • Environmental events: • E.g.: wildfires, wildlife activity, and insect or pest infestation. • Public health events: • E.g.: epidemics of influenza or other diseases.

  10. Examples of technical hazards • Deficiencies regarding: • E.g.: aircraft and aircraft components, systems, subsystems and related equipment. • E.g.: an organization’s facilities, tools, and related equipment. • E.g.: facilities, systems, sub-systems and related equipment that are external to the organization.

  11. Examples of economics hazards • Major trends related to: • Growth. • Recession. • Cost of material or equipment. • Etc.

  12. Second fundamental – Hazard identification • In order to identify hazards, consider: • Design factors, including equipment and task design. • Procedures and operating practices, including documentation and checklists. • Communications, including means, terminology and language. • …

  13. Second fundamental – Hazard identification • … consider: • Organizational factors, such as company policies for recruitment, training, remuneration and allocation of resources. • Work environment factors, such as ambient noise and vibration, temperature, lighting and protective equipment and clothing. • ...

  14. Second fundamental – Hazard identification • … consider: • Regulatory factors, including the applicability and enforceability of regulations; certification of equipment, personnel and procedures; and the adequacy of oversight. • Defences including detection and warning systems, and the extent to which the equipment is resilient against errors and failures. • Human performance, including medical conditions and physical limitations.

  15. Sources of hazard identification Internal Flight Data Analysis Company voluntary reporting system Audits and surveys External Accident reports State mandatory occurrence system As a reminder Predictive Proactive Reactive

  16. Hazard identification • By whom? • By anybody • By designated personnel • How? • Through formal processes • Depends on the organization • When? • Anytime • Under specific conditions

  17. Hazard identification • Specific conditions • Unexplained increase in safety-related events or infractions. • Major operational changes are foreseen. • Periods of significant organizational change.

  18. Third fundamental – Hazard analysis • ABC of hazard analysis A – State the generic hazard (hazard statement) • Airport construction B – Identify specific components of the hazard • Construction equipment • Closed taxiways • … C – Naturally leading to specific consequence(s) • Aircraft colliding with construction equipment • Aircraft taking wrong taxiway • …

  19. Third fundamental – Hazard analysis • Efficient and safe operations or provision of service require a constant balance between production goals... • maintaining regular aerodrome operations during a runway construction project • ...and safety goals • maintaining existing margins of safety in aerodrome operations during runway construction project • Aviation workplaces may contain hazards which may not be cost-effective to address even when operations must continue (further discussed in Module 5).

  20. Fourth fundamental – Documentation of hazards • Appropriate documentation management is important as: • It is a formal procedure to translate operational safety data into hazard-related information. • It becomes the “safety library” of an organization.

  21. Fourth fundamental – Documentation of hazards • Tracking and analysis of hazards is facilitated by standardizing: • Definitions • Understanding • Validation • Reporting • Measurement • Management

  22. Fourth fundamental – Documentation of hazards Method Identification Management Documentation Information • Reactive method • ASR • MOR • Incident reports • Accident reports Assess the consequences and prioritize the risks Assign responsibilities Safety management information “Safety library” Trend analysis Hazards Hazards • Proactive method • ASR • Surveys • Audits Develop control and mitigation strategies Implement strategies Safety bulletins Report distribution • Predictive method • FDA • Direct observation systems Inform person(s) responsible for implementing strategies Re-evaluate strategies and processes Seminars and workshops Feedback

  23. The focus of hazard identification • Hazard identification is a wasted effort if restricted to the aftermath of rare occurrences where there is serious injury, or significant damage. Accidents 1 – 5 “Practical drift” “Practical drift” Serious incidents 30 – 100 Incidents 100 – 1000 Latent conditions 1000 – 4000 SMS

  24. Hazards Questions and answers

  25. Questions and answers • Q: Define the concept of hazard. • A: • Hazard – Condition, object or activity with the potential of causing injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform a prescribed function. Slide number: 5

  26. Questions and answers • Q: Provide three examples of areas/factors to consider when identifying hazards. • A: • Design factors, including equipment and task design. • Procedures and operating practices, including documentation and checklists. • Communications, including means, terminology and language Slide number: 12

  27. Questions and answers • Q: Name three specific circumstances when hazard identification is essential. • A: • Unexplained increase in safety-related events or infractions. • Major operational changes are foreseen. • Periods of significant organizational change. Slide number: 17

  28. Points to remember • Hazards have potential consequences. • Sources of hazard identification • ABC of hazard management. • Hazard documentation: the “safety library” of an organization.

  29. Hazards Exercise 04/01 – International airportconstruction project (Handout N° 3)

  30. International airport construction project • Group activity: • A facilitator will be appointed, who will coordinate the discussion. • A summary of the discussion will be written on flip charts, and a member of the group will brief on their findings in a plenary session. • Scenario: • Construction project to extend and repave one of the two crossing runways at an international airport (100,000 movements a year).

  31. Aerodrome layout

  32. Three-phase construction project

  33. Scope of the work • Phase 1: • Extend the length of RWY 09-27 by 900 meters westward and width from 30 to 45 meters from a point 100 m from the intersection with RWY 18-36, and strengthen the runway extension (from asphalt to concrete) to increase its Pavement Classification Number (PCN). • Extend the length of TWY Delta by 900 meters westward. • Estimated time to complete the work: • Seven (7) months.

  34. Scope of the work • Phase 2: • Construct and enlarge new threshold entrance and holding zone at TWY Charlie. • Extend the width of RWY 09-27 from 30 to 45 meters and strengthen (from asphalt to concrete) this part of the runway up to a point 200 m before intersection TWY A-B to increase its PCN. • Estimated time to complete the work: • Five (5) months.

  35. Scope of the work • Phase 3: • Complete the construction work of RWY 09-27 for the central area of the last 350 m at the intersection of RWY 09-27 and RWY 18-36 (from asphalt to concrete), increase its width from 30 to 45 meters and its PCN. • Estimated time to complete the work: • Two (2) months.

  36. Scope of the work • Runway 18-36 utilization during the construction work • Continuous utilization of RWY 18-36 during the three-phase construction project. • RWY 18-36 length is 3.850 m and the distance available from threshold RWY 18 to intersection RWY 09-27 is 2.600 m. • Information must be provided to airport users.

  37. Identify hazards • Your task • Identify the hazards using brainstorming techniques. • Brainstorm a list of possible hazards, their components and their consequences (use a flip chart). • Complete the attached log (Table 04/01) as follows: • List type of operation or activity • State the generic hazard (hazard statement) • Identify specific components of the hazard • List hazard-related consequences • It is recommended to conduct the analysis per phase of construction.

  38. Table 04/01 – Hazard identification Specific components of the hazard Type of operation or activity Generic hazard (hazard statement) Hazard-related consequences N° 1 2 3 4 5

  39. Module N° 4 – Hazards

More Related