BF10 4.00 Understand business operations management.

1. BF10 4.00 Understand business operations management. NC CTE 4.01: Adhere to health and safety regulations to support a safe work environment.

2. Health and safety regulations in business • Workplace hazard groups • Hazards - Potential events or situations that can cause injury or harm to people, property, or the environment • Mechanical hazards - points of operation, flywheels, gears, shafts, pulleys, key ways, belts, couplings, sprockets, chains, frames, controls, lighting for tools and equipment, brakes, exhausting, feeding, oiling, adjusting, maintenance, lockout/tagout, grounding, work space, location, purchasing standards. Pinch points, sharp points and edges, weight, rotating parts, stability, ejected parts and materials, impact.

3. Health and safety regulations in business • Workplace hazard groups • Chemical hazards • Solid—Any chemical found in a solid form. Examples: Dry Paint • Dusts—Dusts are tiny particles of solids. You may be exposed to dust from materials that are already in dust form, or from work processes that create dust. Examples: Bags of cement, Glass fibers, Asbestos, or Some herbicides. • Liquid—Any chemical found in a liquid form at room temperature. Liquid chemicals may cause poisoning by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption. Examples: Fertilizers, Herbicides, Pesticides, Paints, or Cleaners. • Vapors—Vapors are tiny drops of liquid that are suspended in the air. Vapors from some chemicals may irritate the eyes and skin. Examples: Cleaners, Paints, or Pesticides. • Gases—Some chemicals are in gas form when they are at room temperature. Other solid or liquid chemicals become gases when they are heated. Examples: Aerosols, Carbon monoxide, Vehicle fumes, Grain silo gases, or Hydrogen sulfide.

4. Health and safety regulations in business Workplace hazard groups • Physical hazards • Elevations or Heights—Any situation in which a person may fall or have objects fall on them. Examples: Ladder, Elevated walkway, Walkway over a pit, Stairs, or Boxes on a high shelf • Slippery Surfaces— Wet or oily surfaces, can cause falls. Examples: Wet floor, Waxed floor, or Oily/greasy floor, • Electricity—Electrocution can result when a person comes in contact with an electrical current, either indoors or outdoors. Examples: Electrical wire, Electrical outlet, Lightning, Batteries, or Electrical equipment. • Confined Spaces— Any space with limited openings and poor ventilation may cause harm due to toxic gases or lack of oxygen. Examples: Grain bin , Manure pit, or Underground pipe. • Noise—Loud noises can damage a person's hearing suddenly or gradually over time. Examples: Tractor engine, Explosives, Loud music, Machinery, or Power tools. • Sharp Objects—Any sharp object that is operated or held in the hand(s) can cause cuts or even amputations. Examples: Power saw, Meat slicer, Box cutter, or Knife. • Moving Parts— Moving parts, both slow and fast, can cause bodily harm, such as amputation or crushing. Examples: Power takeoff, Engine parts, Drill, or Auger. • Repetitive Motions— Work that requires doing the same actions over and over again may cause injury over time. Examples: Computer keyboard or Assembly lines. • Heavy Loads—Loads that are too heavy or that are lifted improperly may cause back or neck injuries. Examples: Boxes, Hay bales, or People. • Heavy Machinery—A person can be run over, rolled on, or crushed by large machinery. Examples: Tractors, Circular baler, Skid loader, or Trucks. • Heat—Any hot surface or overexposure to sunlight may cause burns and dehydration. Examples: Sun exposure, Furnace, Fryer, grill, oven, or Running engine. • Cold—Overexposure to cold or being trapped in a cold place may cause frostbite, hypothermia, and, potentially, death. Examples: Outdoors in winter or Refrigerator/freezer. • Weapons—Weapons may be misused, causing injury to self and others. Workplaces may be robbed by people using weapons. Examples: Guns or Knives. • Miscellaneous—Any other physical objects that can cause injury or illness. Examples: Ill-fitting equipment, X-ray machines, or Radiation.

5. Health and safety regulations in business • OSHA- Occupational Safe and Health Act of 1970 • A federal government agency that writes and enforces safety and health standards for businesses. • Workplace Safety Laws: Protect Your Health. Know Your Rights. • By law, your employer must provide the following: • A safe and healthy workplace. • Training about health and safety, including information on chemicals that could be harmful to your health. • Protective clothing and equipment. • Payment for medical care, if you get hurt or sick because of your job. You may also be entitled to lost wages. • At least the minimum wage, which is generally $7.25 per hour.

6. Health and safety regulations in business Workplace Safety Laws: Protect Your Health. Know Your Rights. • Worker Rights • A safe working environment • Proper health and safety information, instruction, and training • Supervision to make sure the job is done safely • Well-maintained and functioning personal protective equipment • Right to refuse to do work that may endanger a worker’s safety or put a worker’s health at risk • Right to participate in workplace • Worker Responsibilities • Must pay attention to health and safety training • Must follow all health and safety procedures • Must ask questions when information is unclear • Must always wear personal protective equipment and keep it in good condition • Must use machinery and equipment properly • Must familiarize himself or herself with emergency procedures, location of fire extinguishers, emergency exits, etc. • Must report any perceived hazards on the job • Must refuse to do any work that might create an undue hazard to the health and safety of any person

7. Health and safety regulations in business Workplace Safety Laws: Protect Your Health. Know Your Rights. • Employer Rights • Can expect workers to pay attention during health and safety training • Can expect workers to remember their training and follow health and safety principles at all times • Can expect workers to report any perceived hazards in the workplace • Can expect workers to wear their personal protective equipment at all times • Can expect workers to inform them about any physical or mental conditions that may impair their ability to perform their jobs safely • Employer Responsibilities • Must provide health and safety training to all workers for general and specific tasks • Must provide specific health and safety orientation and training to all new and young workers • Must develop a workplace health and safety policy (e.g., what to do in emergency situations) • Must display health and safety information where all workers can see it • Must provide well-maintained and properly functioning personal protective equipment for all workers • Must alert workers to any hazards in the workplace and provide information on how to minimize the risks associated with those hazards

8. Health and safety regulations in business Workplace Safety Laws: Protect Your Health. Know Your Rights. Should I be working this late or this long? • Child labor laws protect teens from working too long, too late, or too early. Work Hours For Teens • Under 14 - A person under 14 years of age cannot be employed, except as follows: newspaper carrier, agriculture worker, or as an actor, actress, or model. • Ages 14 and 15 - Between Labor Day and June 1st: Not before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m., Not over 3 hours/day on a school day, and not over 18 hours/week, Not during school hours, No more than 8 hours on a non-school day. From June 1st to Labor Day: 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., Not over 8 hours in any 24-hour period, Not more than 40 hours per week. • Ages 16 and 17 - Not before 5 a.m. on school days or after 11 p.m. on school nights (no restrictions on weekends or holidays). These times can be hanged to 4:30 a.m. and 11:30 p.m. with parental consent. • Children must be at least 14 to work outside school hours in any agricultural job. Twelve- and 13-year-olds may work, if parental consent is given and if they are working on the same farm as their parent. No age restrictions exist for children who work on their family’s farm. • Required Breaks: Employers should give bathroom breaks for every four hours worked and meal breaks for every eight hours worked.

9. Health and safety regulations in business Workplace Safety Laws: Protect Your Health. Know Your Rights. No worker under 18 may do the following: • Laws protect teens from doing dangerous work. For example, in Minnesota and many other states, no worker under age 18 may do the following: • Work over 12 feet above the ground. • Work near or with explosives. • Work in the logging industry or in a sawmill. • Drive a forklift. • Use power equipment, such as a saw or punch press. • Work on a construction site. • Work with meat slicers or bakery machines. • Drive as a regular part of their duties. • Load or unload power-driven paper balers/compactors.

10. Health and safety regulations in business Workplace Safety Laws: Protect Your Health. Know Your Rights. • These are just a few examples. There are other dangerous jobs teens are not allowed to do. • No worker under 16 may do the following: • Work with any type of power-driven machinery. • Work in a laundry or dry cleaner. • Work with power snow blowers or lawn mowers. • Work on a ladder or scaffolding. • Cook or bake. • Lift or carry patients in hospitals or nursing homes. • Work in walk-in meat freezers or coolers.

11. Health and safety regulations in business • When workers stay whole and healthy, the direct cost-savings to businesses include: lower workers’ compensation insurance costs; reduced medical expenditures; smaller expenditures for return-to-work programs; fewer faulty products; lower costs for job accommodations for injured workers; less money spent for overtime benefits. • Safety and health also make big reductions in indirect costs, due to: increased productivity; higher quality products; increased morale; better labor/management relations; reduced turnover; better use of human resources. • Employees and their families benefit from safety and health because: their incomes are protected; their family lives are not hindered by injury; their stress is not increased. • Simply put, protecting people on the job is in everyone’s best interest–our economy, our communities, our fellow workers and our families. Safety and health add value to businesses, workplaces and lives.

12. Key Terms • Accident - An unexpected happening that may result in injury, loss, or damage. • Compliance - Fulfilling the requirements of the law. • Risk - The possibility of loss (failure) or gain (success). • Safety- Freedom from danger, risk, or injury. For more information on child labor laws: • U.S. Dept. of Labor - Youth Rules! - www.youthrules.dol.gov/