Project Group CMS Trigger

1. Project GroupCMS Trigger C.-E. Wulz HEPHY Scientific Advisory Board Meeting

2. The CMS Experiment • It searches for answers to fundamental physics questions such as • the origin of mass • the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking • unification of theories • particle-antiparticle asymmetries • the nature of dark matter • extra dimensions • HEPHY is involved in: • Tracker • Trigger and Muon System • Physics C.-E. Wulz

3. CMS runs as a complete experiment The recently terminated data taking period with cosmic muons at full magnetic field marks the first occasion where data were recorded with the entirety of CMS, and the full suite of LHC Level-1 triggers. C.-E. Wulz

4. CMS Trigger Group Members Physicists (7 FTE): V. Ghete, M. Jeitler, I. Mikulec, H. Rohringer, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz Electronics Engineers (1 FTE): J. Erö Technicians (5.8 FTE, shared with Electronics I): M. Arnold, H. Bergauer, M. Eichberger, K. Kastner, B. Neuherz, M. Padrta, Th. Schreiner Bachelor student (0.5 FTE): F. Mittermayr Diploma students (1.25 FTE): G. Kasieczka, Th. Themel, Ph. Wagner Doctoral student (1 FTE) F. Teischinger Austrian doctoral students at CERN (2 FTE): J. Hammer, Ch. Hartl Summer students (0.5 FTE): A. Khatutsky, W. Müller, M. Oschgan, V. Rainer, M. Scattolin, S. Stetina TOTAL: ~19 FTE C.-E. Wulz

5. Mission Statement of CMS Trigger Group • Select (trigger on) all collisions (every 25 ns) interesting for physics, discard the others • Design, develop all hardware, firmware and associated software – Global Trigger • Find and select muons • Design, develop most hardware and firmware, and some associated software – Drift Tube Track Finder, Global Muon Trigger • Control data taking • Design, develop core hardware and firmware, and some associated software – Central Trigger Control System • Set up and monitor the trigger centrally through web browser • Design, develop basic software – Trigger Supervisor C.-E. Wulz

6. Level-1 Trigger Muon Trigger Calorimeter Trigger RPC CSC DT HF HCAL ECAL Local CSC Trigger Local DT Trigger RegionalCalorimeterTrigger PatternComparator Trigger 40 MHz Pipeline, Latency< 3.2 ms CSC TrackFinder DT TrackFinder GlobalCalorimeterTrigger Trigger Supervisor 4+4 m 4 m 4 m MIP+ISO bits Global Muon Trigger e, J, ET, HT, ETm, HTm 4 m (with MIP/ISO bits) Global Trigger Responsibility of HEPHY-Vienna max. 100 kHz L1 Accept Decision C.-E. Wulz

7. Present Activities • CRAFT (Cosmic Run at almost 4 Tesla) ended beginning of September • Global Trigger, Trigger Control System, Global Muon Trigger, Drift Tube Muon Track Finder and Trigger Supervisor have been in constant use as a service • Production of additional spare electronics modules has been initiated to ensure long-term stable operations • Online and offline software development • Data analysis C.-E. Wulz

8. Drift Tube Track Finder 135 electronics modules of 8 types C.-E. Wulz

9. Trigger response function Muon efficiency to pass a DTTF transverse momentum cut of 10 GeV/c, as a function of the pT reconstructed off-line with the tracker. Measured for the first time! CRAFT 2009 DTTF trigger with segment in station 1 Any DTTF trigger C.-E. Wulz

10. Global Trigger, Global Muon Trigger and Trigger Control System 17 electronics modules of 8 types C.-E. Wulz

11. Global Trigger Performance in 2009 • Global Trigger is indispensable for data taking and tests involving several or all CMS subsystems • => close to 100 percent availability of Global Trigger is mandatory • has been achieved • to guarantee availability, the Global Trigger is fully duplicated by a backup system • like vital systems in airplanes and space ships • complete system has been available for over 2 years • a number of modifications has been made upon request by CMS subdetectors for additional functionality • thanks to the flexible design, it has been possible to include the additional functionality by adapting the firmware in the various electronic modules C.-E. Wulz

12. Additional trigger paths: extra algorithms Forward and beam-related detectors: CASTOR calorimeter, Zero-degree calorimeter (ZDC), beam monitors (BPTX, BSC) CASTOR C.-E. Wulz

13. GMT during cosmics data taking In cosmics runs, GMT provided final synchronization between individual muon systems (DT, RPC, CSC) – compensating latency differences and reacting to frequent firmware changes. RPC - DT CSC top - DT bottom CSC bottom – DT top Example before adjustment Example before adjustment DT trigger efficiency (top side) GMT data, in combination with reconstructed muon tracks, were used to calculate muon trigger efficiencies either by comparing triggers from different subdetectors (e.g. DT and RPC) or by comparing triggers at top and bottom side of the experiment Masked sector C.-E. Wulz

14. Upgrade work and future Plans mTCA Global Trigger board • Built a new optical input board for the Global Trigger (PSB board, details in report of Electronics Department) • Work on upgrade projects for Super-LHC • Develop new Global Trigger, possibly in mTCA technology (advantages: single type of boards, compact, fewer boards) • Participate in new developments for Regional Muon Trigger mTCA Crate C.-E. Wulz

15. Positions of Group Members TRIGGER and DATA ACQUISITION Institution Board Chair for Trigger and DAQ (Wulz, since Aug. 2009) Deputy Trigger Project Manager (Wulz, since 2007) Trigger Technical Coordinator (Mikulec, since 2008) Trigger Detector Performance Group Leader and Level-1 Trigger Offline Software Convener (Ghete, since 2009) Global Level-1 Trigger Coordinator (Jeitler, since 2008) Subeditor for Trigger Coordination (Wulz, since Nov. 2007) Member of Editorial Board for Tridas (Wulz, since 2003) CMS-WIDE Member of Advisory Board to Collaboration Board (Wulz, since 2009) Chair of Spokesperson Election Committee (Wulz, 2009) Member of Authorship Committee (Wulz, since March 2009) Member of WLCG Collaboration Board (Wulz, since 2007) C.-E. Wulz

16. Tridas (Trigger and Data Acquisition) Project Institution Board Chairperson C.-E. Wulz Tridas Project Managers F. Meijers, J. Varela Trigger Project Manager J. Varela Deputy: C.-E. Wulz Technical Coordinator Trigger: I. Mikulec DAQ: A. Racz DAQ Project Manager F. Meijers Calorimeters P. Klabbers Muons M. Dallavalle Global M. Jeitler Detector Control System F. Glege Data to surface Ch. Schwick DAQ Integration F. Meijers Event Filter E. Meschi Level-1 Trigger Steering Committee J. Brooke, V. Ghete, L. Guiducci, M. Magrans de Abril, I. Mikulec, J. Varela, C.-E. Wulz C.-E. Wulz

17. Awards • I. Magrans de Abril • CMS Thesis Award for best technological thesis • 2008 (subject: Trigger Supervisor) • C. Hartl • CMS Achievement Award 2008 for critical • contributions to the Global Trigger Nominations of group members for CMS Lifetime Awards, to be selected by Dec. 2009 C.-E. Wulz

18. Papers under Group Responsibility (since 2005) • Refereed Journals (5) * The CMS Drift Tube Trigger Track Finder (13 group authors, 6 others) J. Erö, Ch. Deldicque, M. Galánthay, H. Bergauer, M. Jeitler, K. Kastner, B. Neuherz, I. Mikulec, M. Padrta, H. Rohringer, H. Sakulin, A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz 2008 JINST 3 S08004 * Measurement Technology for the CMS Experiment (1 group author) C.-E. Wulz, Invited article for Special Issue on Metrological Aspects of Accelerator Technology and HEP Experiments Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 (2007) 2424-2431 * Design and Development of a Graphical Setup Software for the CMS Global Trigger (6 group authors) Ph. Glaser, T. Nöbauer, H. Bergauer, M. Padrta, A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. Vol 53 Nr. 3 (2006) 1282-1291 * Conceptual Design of the CMS Trigger Supervisor (2 group authors + 1 other) I. Magrans de Abril, C.-E. Wulz (Vienna), J. Varela (Lisboa, CERN) IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. Vol 53 Nr. 2 (2006) 474-483 * The efficiency of the CMS Level-1 Trigger for supersymmetric events (10 group authors, 2 others) L. Boldizsar, J. Erö, M. Fierro, P. Hidas, A. Jeitler, N. Neumeister, P. Porth, H. Rohringer, L. Rurua, H. Sakulin, A. Taurok, C.-E. Wulz Eur. Phys. J. C 40, s2.1-s2.13 (2005) C.-E. Wulz

19. Papers with Group collaboration (since 2005) • Refereed Journals (3) * The CMS Experiment at the CERN LHC (21 group authors, many others; editor of Trigger chapter) CMS Collaboration W. Adam et al. 2008 JINST 3 P08006 * Results of the first integration test of the CMS drift tubes muon trigger (2 group authors, 82 others) M. Aldaya et al. Ch. Deldicque, J, Erö Nucl. Instr. Meth. A579 (2007) 951-960 * The CMS High Level Trigger (14 group authors, many others) CMS Trigger and Data Acquisition Group, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, C. Deldicque, J. Erö, R. Frühwirth, M. Jeitler, K. Kastner, S. Kostner, N. Neumeister, M. Padrta, P. Porth, H. Rohringer, H. Sakulin, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, G. Walzel, C.-E. Wulz Eur. Phys. J. C 46 (2006) 605-667 Approximately 20 papers about the 2008 cosmic runs are close to completion. C.-E. Wulz

20. Conference Proceedings (since 2005) • * The CMS Level-1 Trigger Emulation Software, V.M. Ghete • Proc. of the Proc. of the 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Prague, 21 – 27 March 2009 • Commissioning of the CMS Trigger, H. Rohringer, for the CMS Trigger Group • Proc. of the 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Philadelphia, USA, 29 July - 5 Aug. 2008 • CMS Commissioning, I. Mikulec • Proc. of Science, SISSA, POS (2008LHC) 029 • * Trigger Systems at LHC Experiments, M. Jeitler • Proc. of 10th Int. Conf. on Instrumentation and Colliding Beam Physics, Novosibirsk, 28 Feb. - 5 Mar. 2008, • NIM A 598 (2008) 305-311 • * Status and Commissioning of the CMS Experiment at CERN, C.-E. Wulz • Proc. of Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Manchester, UK, 19-24 July 2007, • * Enhancing the User Interface of the Level-1 Trigger of the CMS Experiment, M. Magrans de Abril, I. Magrans de Abril • Proc. of Real Time Conference, Fermilab, Batavia, USA, 29 Apr. - 4 May 2007 • * The level-1 global trigger for the CMS experiment, M. Jeitler et al., • Proc. of the 12th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments, Valencia, Spain, 23-27 Sep. 2006, JINST 2 P01006 (2007) • * Kaon Physics: Present and Future, I. Mikulec • Proc. of 4th International Workshop on Frontier Science, Milan, Bicocca, Italy, 12 - 17 Sep. 2005, • Milan 2005, New frontiers in subnuclear physics,127-138 • * The CMS Experiment at CERN, C.-E. Wulz • Proc. of SPIE International Congress on Optics and Optoelectronics, 29 Aug. - 2 Sep. 2005, 5948, 594821 (2005) • * Implementation and Test of the First-Level Global Muon Trigger of the CMS Experiment, H. Sakulin, A. Taurok • Proc. of 11th Workshop on Electronics for LHC and Future Experiments, Heidelberg, Germany, 12-16 Sep. 2005 • * The CMS Trigger Supervisor Project, I. Magrans de Arbril • Proc. of IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Puerto Rico, USA, 24-27 Oct. 2005 (2005) 162-166 Total number of conference proceedings: 11 C.-E. Wulz

21. Invited Talks (since 2005) * Design Principles of the CMS Level-1 Trigger Control and Hardware Monitoring System Magrans de Abril, IEEE NPSS Real Time Conference, Beijing, 14 May 2009 * The CMS L1 Trigger Emulation Software V.M. Ghete, 17th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Prague, 26 March 2009 * CMS Commissioning I. Mikulec, 4th Conference on Physics at LHC, Split, Croatia, 29 Sep. - 4 Oct. 2008 * LHC und Österreichs Beteiligung am Compact Muon Solenoid C.-E. Wulz, Fachausschuss für Lehrkräfte an Höheren Schulen, ÖPG, Leoben, Austria, 5 Sep. 2008 * Trigger Systems at LHC Experiments M. Jeitler, 10th Int. Conference on Instrumentation and Colliding Beam Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, 28 Feb. - 5 Mar. 2008 * Status and Commissioning of the CMS Experiment at CERN C.-E. Wulz, Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Manchester, UK, 21 July 2007 * Overview of the CMS Experiment C.-E. Wulz, Four Seas Conference, Iasi, Romania, 30 May 2007 * The CMS Experiment at CERN C.-E. Wulz, SPIE International Congress on Optics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw, Poland, 31 Aug. 2005 * Fundamentale Fragen der Teilchenphysik C.-E. Wulz, Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, Vienna, 3 May 2005 * CP-Verletzung im Kaonsystem: experimentelle Aspekte M. Jeitler, Institut für Theoretische Kernphysik, TU Wien, 24 Oct. 2005 * Kaon Physics: Present and Future I. Mikulec, 4th International Workshop on Frontier Science, Milan, Bicocca, Italy, 12 - 17 Sep. 2005 Total number of invited talks: 11 C.-E. Wulz

22. Contributed Talks and Posters (since 2005) * Event selection by the trigger of the CMS experiment at CERN’s LHC accelerator, Ch. Hartl, Joint Annual Meeting of ÖPG, SPS, ÖGAA, Innsbruck, 3 Sep. 2009 * Control and Monitoring of the CMS Global Trigger, Ch. Hartl et al., CMS Achievement Award Ceremony, June 2009 * The Trigger Control System of the CMS Level-1 Trigger, M. Jeitler et al., 11th Pisa meeting on advanced detectors, La Biodola, Elba, 24 – 30 May 2009 * Der CMS Level-1 Trigger am LHC, F. Teischinger Fachausschuss für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, ÖPG, Aflenz, 22 Sep. 2008 * Commissioning of the CMS Trigger, H. Rohringer 34th International Conference on High Energy Physics, Philadelphia, USA, 29 July - 5 Aug. 2008 * Level-1 Global Trigger for SLHC, A. Taurok Workshop on SLHC, Paris, 11 Apr. 2008 * The Control and Hardware Monitoring System of the CMS Level-1 Trigger, I. Magrans de Abril IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Honolulu, USA, 31 Oct. 2007 * Die Nadel im Heuhaufen: Der Trigger des Experiments CMS am CERN-Beschleuniger, M. Jeitler Fachausschuss für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, ÖPG, Langenlois, 24 Sep. 2007 * The level-1 global trigger for the CMS experiment, M. Jeitler 12th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments, Valencia, Spain, 23 Sep. 2006 * The CMS Trigger Supervisor Project, I. Magrans de Arbril IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Puerto Rico, USA, 24-27 Oct. 2005 * Fundamentale offene Fragen der Hochenergiephysik, C.-E. Wulz Fachausschuss Kern- und Teilchenphysik, ÖPG, Wien, 28 Sep. 2005 * Implementation and Test of the First-Level Global Muon Trigger of the CMS Experiment, H. Sakulin 11th Workshop on Electronics for LHC and Future Experiments, Heidelberg, Germany, 13 Sep. 2005 Total number of contributed talks and posters: 12 C.-E. Wulz

23. Invited Public Lectures (since 2005) * Reise zum Beginn des Universums C.-E. Wulz, Forum Time and Faith, Vienna, 15 Jan. 2009 * Elementary Particles and how we can detect them at LHC M. Jeitler, TU Forum, Vienna, 11 Nov. 2008 * Systemintegration beim CMS-Teilchendetektor T. Nöbauer Metalab, Wien, 11 Apr. 2008 * Jagd auf Higgs und Co. C.-E. Wulz German Society for Aviation and Space Flight, Immenstaad, Germany, 29 March 2007 * Von den kleinsten Teilchen bis zum Kosmos C.-E. Wulz University Meets Public, VHS Meidling, Wien, 13 Dec. 2006 University Meets Public, VHS Brigittenau, Wien, 5 April 2006 University Meets Public, VHS Favoriten, Wien, 4 April 2006 * Der Pfeil der Zeit M. Jeitler University Meets Public, VHS Meidling, Wien, 4 March 2006 * Einführung in die Hochenergiephysik H. Rohringer Kitzbühel, 9 Sep. 2005 Total number of invited public lectures: 9 C.-E. Wulz

24. Summary • The CMS Trigger Group has delivered crucial components for CMS, without which the experiment could not take data. • These components have been in constant use and have worked well overall. • We have participated in commissioning, shift work, and data analysis of the recent cosmic ray runs. • New concepts and designs for triggering at Super-LHC are being developed. C.-E. Wulz

25. BACKUP C.-E. Wulz

26. New hardware: optical PSB • the only hardware change planned for the near future concerns the connection between “Global Calorimeter Trigger” and “Global Trigger” • high-speed (gigahertz) galvanic links will be replaced by more reliable optical links • present design can and will still be used for LHC startup operation • a new “Pipelined Synchronized Buffer” (PSB) board has been built for the Global Trigger • will be equipped with “daughterboards” with optical receivers, which are built by the Imperial College (UK) group • firmware currently under development • first connection tests planned for end of 2009 • will be used for data taking after 2009/2010 run C.-E. Wulz

27. Additional trigger paths: extra algorithms • original design of CMS level-1 trigger: • inputs from muon detectors and calorimeters can be combined in logical expressions (“algorithms”) • additional “technical” triggers cannot be combined but are just added into the trigger menu “OR” • or can be used to veto trigger • recent requests for additional “algorithms” have been accommodated • up to 64 additional signals from any subdetector can be fed into the “Global Trigger Logic (GTL)” board • arrive as LVDS (low-voltage differential signals) over up to 16 cables • so far, requests have been accepted from beam monitors (“BPTX”, “BSC”), zero-degree calorimeter (“ZDC”) and the “CASTOR” detector • firmware framework and software (menu editor) been developed • allow to quickly prepare the concrete firmware for a given trigger menu C.-E. Wulz

28. Online Software GT Trigger Monitor GUI GT Run Settings GUI(to allow trigger selection from menu for shifter) C.-E. Wulz

29. GT Configuration Editor Configuration Editor can be used to edit configurations of all L1 subsystems C.-E. Wulz