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ETHICS

ETHICS. KAMALUDDIN ALI MUHAMMAD ITREB Auditorium February 21, 2009. ETHICS - Definition. The term “ethics” is used in three different but related ways: 1. General pattern or way of life (religious) 2. A set of rules of conduct or moral code (business, profession etc.)

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ETHICS

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  1. ETHICS KAMALUDDIN ALI MUHAMMAD ITREB Auditorium February 21, 2009

  2. ETHICS - Definition The term “ethics” is used in three different but related ways: 1. General pattern or way of life (religious) 2. A set of rules of conduct or moral code (business, profession etc.) 3. Inquiry about ways of life and rules of conduct (philosophical)

  3. VALUES - Definition • A measure of how strongly something is desired for its physical or moral beauty, usefulness, rarity etc. especially expressed in terms of the effort, money etc. one is willing to expend in acquiring, retaining possession of or preserving it. • Good, desirable, worthwhile, all kinds of rightness, obligation, beauty, virtue, truth and holiness. • What is valued, judged to have value, thought to be good, or desired.

  4. Sources of Ethical Principles • Use of Naql(transmitted knowledge from revelation and tradition) and Aql(reason). There are fivepositions: 1.Revelation and independent reason. a. Revelation supplemented by independent reason. (Use of reason when Qur’an and tradition are unable to guide.) b. Independent reason supplemented by revelation. (Reason knows the right and wrong’ and shari`ah later supported it.)

  5. Sources of Ethical Principles (cont…) 2.Revelation supplemented by dependent reason. Majority opinion of Sunnis i.e. conservatives, also supported by Ghazali (1058-1111) 3. Revelation alone.Too conservative, adopted by Ibn Hanbal (d 855), Ibn Taymiyya (1263-1328), Wahhabi movement till today.

  6. Sources of Ethical Principles (cont…) 4.Revelation extended by Imams. Shia position, Imams are infallible. 5.Reason is prior to revelation. Some Muslim philosophers like Farabi (870-950) who argued that philosophy is prior to religion. It was adopted by Ibn Sina (980-1035) and Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) with a softened approach.

  7. Role of Intellect • Ethic is concerned with human being only • Human intellect capable of learning • It requires guidance and training • Prophet as teacher (Mu‘allim) • Divine Intellect Aql-i-Kullboth transcends and informs the human intellect. (AKU, Nov 1985)

  8. Some Ethical Principles of Islam • Man vicegerent of Allah on earth and a trustee • No dichotomy between Din and Dunya • Physical world a bridge to go to the next • No monasticism in Islam • Human brotherhood, service, care, tolerance. Cosmopolitan ethics rooted in a strong culture of tolerance • Sharing of wealth and knowledge

  9. Some Ethical Principles of Islam(cont…) • Integrity • Commitment to family • Simplicity • Use and abuse of freedom • Social evils

  10. Spiritual Commitment & Ethic “A deepening sense of spiritual commitment—and the ethical framework that goes with it--will be a central requirement if we are to find our way through the minefields and the quick sands of modern life. A strengthening of religious institutions should be a vital part of this process. To be sure, freedom of religion is a critical value in a pluralistic society.

  11. Spiritual Commitment & Ethic(cont…) But if freedom of religion deteriorates into freedom from religion—then societies will find themselves lost in a bleak and unpromising landscape—with no compass, no roadmap and no sense of ultimate direction. What I am calling for, in sum, is an ethical sensibility which can be shared across denominational lines and which can foster a universal moral outlook.” (Evora, Spain,12-02-2006)

  12. For KamalZar Collections log on towww.kamalzar.com

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