1 / 26

The Future of Medicine

The Future of Medicine. Danny Belkin. “ Our generation may be the last to have to accept death and taxes as inevitable." - Commander Shaun Jones , US Navy , D ARPA. Contents. Challenges to “ traditional ” big pharma, their future Pharmacogenomics Current and Future Biotechnology

lawrencia
Download Presentation

The Future of Medicine

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Future of Medicine Danny Belkin

  2. “Our generationmay be the last to have to accept death and taxes as inevitable." - Commander Shaun Jones ,US Navy, DARPA

  3. Contents • Challenges to “traditional” big pharma, their future • Pharmacogenomics • Current and Future Biotechnology • Stem Cell Therapy • Microtechnology and nanotechnology

  4. Challenges to Pharmaceutical Companies • Aging and informed population • Increased focus on preventive care / wellness • Demand for safety and efficacy • Serious drug side effects (Vioxx, Hormone replacement therapy) • Prescription drugs that don’t always work • Progress in science and technology providing other therapeutic paradigms • Keeping up with advances in information technology • Lack of R&D productivity increase despite sustained investments • Increased regulatory demands • Unacceptable failure rates of R&D projects

  5. …challenges which lead to changes in healthcare • Better understanding of nutrition and its effects • Initially specified for diseases/population groups(problems with clinical trials for unpatentable nutrition compounds) • Later - per individual genetic makeup • Pharmacogenomics and Proteomics • Many major diseases understood at molecular level – advanced drug design • Smart Drugs for Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases (arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes). • Development of diagnostics combined with targeted therapeutics • in silico simulations of biological systems

  6. The “5 P’s” of Future Medicine • Predictive - Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics • Preventive - Acting proactively with preventive medicine • Point of care - Mobile communications & ubiquitous computing • Parametric - Multiple parameters, over time, referenced to patient’s own baseline and genetic profile, compared to standard model • Personalized - Individual treatment for each patient

  7. Pharmacogenomics - Personalized Medicine • Both preventative and therapeutic • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -Only a fractionof these, probably 300,000, determine everything from hair colour to disease susceptibility and drug response. • 100,000 people die each year in the US from adverse reactions to prescription drugs, stemming from specific gene loci. Millions more suffer painful side effects from drugs. • Knowledge of patients’ genetic profile will allow significantly improved preventative measures as well as improved drug safety and effectiveness (“tailor made”).

  8. Pharmacogenomics - Personalized Medicine Risk prediction Pharmacogenomics New Therapies • Drug dose of antidepressant determined by drug metabolism genetic profile • Begin colonoscopy at age 40 • Avoid high fat in diet • Gene-based drug therapy for cancer • Gene & Cell therapy for heart disease

  9. Current and Future Biotechnology • RNAi (RNA Interference) and micro RNA to disable/weaken expression of genes • Ageing-promoting • Pathogens • Cancer • Autoimmune • Gene Chips • Cell Therapy • Gene Therapy • Combined Cell and Gene Therapy • Human Cellular Engineering and Tissue Engineering

  10. Stem Cells Therapy - Regenerative Medicine • Multipotent Cells that can develop into any organ or tissue • Embryonic stem cells – controversial and technically difficult to manipulate • Ideally - patient’s own stem cells, rejuvenated and then delivered into desired tissue • Stem cell transplants have been effective in treating cancers • Stem cell therapy now being used for degenerative diseases

  11. Future of Stem Cell Therapy Multipotent Blood-derived cells are available now • Developing further depth: additional cell types • Developing further width: treatment of additional diseases treatable by a certain cell type • Automation of manufacturing processes for: • Faster, more efficient production (e.g. improved, closed-system culture systems) • R&D – Rapid improvement of manufacturing process; manufacturing of more effective products • Improved transplantation techniques: microcapsules; targeted systemic infustion; slow release; in vivo growth by mimicry of BM • Integration of gene therapy to form a synergetic product exhibiting the benefits of both technologies

  12. Microtechnology and Nanotechnology Bring the ability to detect, preventand treat disease down to the molecular level

  13. First Microtechnology Pioneers • BioMEMs – Microelectronic Mechanical Systems : microsensors, drug delivery, disposable chips for diagnostics • Dendrimers – synthetic polymer for disease detection and drug delivery • Artificial microbes - producing beneficial materials or breaking down harmful ones

  14. First Microtechnology Pioneers From: Wired 14.12

  15. The Potential of Nanotechnology • Nanodevices can potentially: • Be much more therapeutically effective than current drugs • Be much more efficient than current diagnostic tests • First generation nanoparticles are already in development: • Magnetic particles for in vivo diagnostics are in use in the clinic • Lipid-based nanoparticles capable of delivering drugs or genes in advanced preclinical testing.

  16. Nanotechnology: Information Meets the Physical World • A technology ripening 10-20 years from now • Massive parallel diagnostics • Paradigm – first augmenting, then replacing • Highly expensive, moderately efficient, then ultimately cheap and efficient • Upgrading the cell nucleus with a nanocomputer and nanobots

  17. Nanotechnology: Information Meets the Physical World • The Biological assembler

  18. Nanotechnology: Information Meets the Physical World • Surveillance and monitoring nanobots • Hormone delivering nanobots • Oxygen-extracting nanobots – no need for lungs • Microbivores (artificial phagocytes) • Tumor-destroying nanoparticles • Surgical Nanorobotics – vascular maintenance, gene or chromosome replacement • Metabolic nanobots – introducing nutrients directly into bloodstream; no need for digestive system • Augmentation of all that’s left: skeleton, skin, sensory organs, brain.

  19. Nanobots in the bloodstream http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.htm

  20. Nanobots http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.htm Nanobots in the bloodstream

  21. Nanobots http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.htm Clottocytes Housekeeping Nanobots

  22. Nanobots http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.htm Neural Augmentation/replacement Respirocytes (mechanical RBC)

  23. Nanobots http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.htm Surveillance and monitoring nanobots

  24. Timeline 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Gene Therapy I Gene Therapy II Cell Therapy I Cell Therapy II Combined Gene & Cell Therapy Advanced Tissue Engineering Advanced drug design – based on proteomics & genomics Nanomedicine - diagnostics Nanomedicine - interventional

  25. Whatever happens, it will be an interesting place to be…

  26. To Whoever is still awake… Thank you for your attention.

More Related