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Personal Hygiene

Personal Hygiene. Patient Care Skills. Personal Hygiene. A. Teeth, Gums, Oral Keeping mouth clean, preventing odor and infection, increasing comfort, making food taste better, and reducing cavity risk Terms include:

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Personal Hygiene

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  1. Personal Hygiene Patient Care Skills

  2. Personal Hygiene • A. Teeth, Gums, Oral • Keeping mouth clean, preventing odor and infection, increasing comfort, making food taste better, and reducing cavity risk • Terms include: • Plaque- thin film that sticks to teeth containing saliva, microbes, causes tooth decay • Tartar- when plaque hardens, builds up at gum line near the neck of the tooth

  3. Personal Hygiene • Supplies for mouth care: • Infants- gauze pads, soft brushing • Brush, toothpaste, floss, swabs • What to Report: • Dry, cracked, swollen gums, lips, or membranes • Blisters, sores • Odor • Redness • Swelling, irritation • Bleeding • White patches on tongue • Loose or broken teeth or dentures

  4. Personal Hygiene • Mouth care issues for the unconscious person: • May have oxygen or breathe with their mouth open- dries mucous membranes • Can have crusting on lips and tongue • Usually can not swallow • Should position on side and use only small amounts water, with suction • Keep mouth open with a padded tongue blade (not your fingers) and explain procedure to them • Do care at least every two hours

  5. Personal Hygiene • Special Considerations with Dentures: • Need care as often as normal teeth • Slippery when wet!! • Can break or chip easily • Hold firmly and line basin with a towel • Warm, not hot water to wash • If stored, keep in cool water or soaking solution (not dry) • Do not wrap in tissues or napkins- can be thrown away easily this way • Label cup with patient name- loss or damage is considered negligence

  6. Personal Hygiene • 2. Bathing • Cleanses skin, mucous membranes of genital and anal areas • Removes microbes, perspiration, dead skin, oils • Types: complete bed bath, partial bath, tub or shower bath • Need to know how much help patient needs, activity or position limits, what water temp, and what products to use

  7. Personal Hygiene • What to report when bathing a patient: • Color changes to skin, lips, nails • Location and description of rashes • Dry skin • Bruises or open areas • Pale or red areas, especially over bony prominences • Drainage or bleeding • Swelling of feet or legs • Corns or calluses on feet • Skin temp changes • Pain or discomfort

  8. Personal Hygiene • General Rules for bathing: • Follow orders on care plan • Allow personal choices whenever possible • Use standard precautions • Collect all items before starting • Provide for privacy • Assist with elimination before bathing • Cover for warmth and privacy • Reduce drafts by closing doors and windows • Protect from falls • Use good body mechanics • Use safe water temp (elbow test)

  9. Personal Hygiene • Rules cont. • Wash from cleanest to dirtiest areas • Encourage the person’s help • Rinse skin thoroughly to remove all soap • Pat dry to avoid breaking skin, do not rub! • Dry well under breasts, between skin folds, periarea, and between toes • Bathe skin whenever urine or feces is present • Use caution with powders (esp. resp) • Make bed after bath completed

  10. Personal Hygiene • Older Adults: • Due to dry skin and decreased levels of activity, may need less frequent bathing- 2 full baths per week and partial in between • When confused- get all items ready before beginning, do not rush the person, use a calm and pleasant voice, divert the person’s attention (chit chat), be gentle, try later if resistant

  11. Personal Hygiene • Products for bathing: • Soaps- cleansing- not always needed (drying) • Bath oils- softening- can be mixed with soap • Creams and lotions- protect skin from drying-leave an oily film, most are scented • Powders- absorb moisture and prevent friction- under breasts, arms, groin, toes- applying thinly can still cause caking and crusting and can irritate, so use with caution • Deodorants- mask and control odor- never to irritated skin • Antiperspirants- decrease perspiration- never to irritated skin

  12. Personal Hygiene • Types of Baths: • 1. Complete Bed Bath- • Washing a person’s entire body in bed, explain actions and focus on privacy • 2. Towel Bath- • Oversized towel used, covering body from neck to feet • It is saturated with a cleansing solution along with softening agents • Is quick, soothing, and relaxing (especially when patient has dementia)

  13. Personal Hygiene • 3. Bag Bath • Commercially prepared with 8-10 wash cloths in a plastic bag, warm in microwave and use each cloth with a part of the body • Skin air dries • 4. Partial Bath- • Face, hands, axilla, back, buttocks, periarea 5. Tub and Shower- Tub is relaxing but can cause fainting, no longer than 20 minutes In shower, use shower chairs and hand held sprayers

  14. Personal Hygiene • Safety for Tubs and Showers: • 1. Check water temp • 2. Clean tub or shower before and after use • 3. Dry tub or shower room floors • 4. Check handrails, grab bars • 5. Place nonskid mats on floors • 6. Cover person for warmth and privacy • 7. Place toiletries within reach

  15. Personal Hygiene • 8. Place signal light within reach • 9. Instruct patient on how to use call light • 10. Remind them to always use grab bars, never towel bars • 11. Turn on cold water first, then add hot • 12. Fill tub before person gets in • 13. Adjust water first in shower, directing it away from patient

  16. Patient Hygiene • 14. Avoid bath oils (slippery) • 15. Do not leave weak or unsteady patients unattended • 16. Stay within hearing distance with any patient • 17. Drain water from tubs before the patient gets out • 18. Cover them immediately to prevent chill

  17. Patient Hygiene • Back Massage • Relaxed muscles, stimulates circulation • Works well after bath or at hs care • Should be about 2-5 min, not professional massage • Observe skin first for breakdown or discolored areas • Use lotion to reduce friction, warm in hands first (or hold bottle under warm water) • Prone or side position • Use firm strokes, always keeping in contact with person’s skin • Do not massage reddened areas over bones

  18. Patient Hygiene • Periarea • Genital and anal areas, “privates” or “between legs” • Allow pt to was this area if at all able • Always clean from front to back • Report: • Unusual odors • Swelling or discharge • Pain or burning • incontinence

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