The History of Persia

1. Click on this link to learn about Persian Empire. The History of Persia https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/globe.html#/ms026/

2. There was no known invasion of Britain by the Celts; they probably gradually infiltrated into British society through trade and other contact over a period of several hundred years. Druids were the intellectual class of the Celts (their own word for themselves, meaning "the hidden people"). 500 BC The History of the Celts

3. Click on this link to learn about the Celts. The History of the Celts https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/globe.html#/ms036/

4. Rome defeats the Etruscan city of Veii after 80 years of war and starts the eventual rise of Rome. The Etruscans were skilled engineers and craftsmen. Many of the "Roman" innovations, like their numerals, were really taken from the Etruscans. 510 BC The History of Rome vs Etruscans

5. 400BC - 300 BC The name “Gaul” corresponded to a cultural and military area founded on a common religion and federations of peoples who though that they had a common origin. Their culture spread slowly across the area of the future territory of Gaul.  The History the Gauls

6. 400BC - 300 BC Gaul is the name given by the Romans to the territories where the CelticGauls lived, including present France, Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and the Po Valley, in present Italy. The ancient limits of Gaul were the Rhine River and the Alps on the east, the Mediterranean Sea, the Po Valley and the Pyrenees on the south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west and North. The History the Gauls

7. Philip of Macedon conquers Greece in the battle of Chaeronea. Alexander the Great, his son, is 18 years old at the time. 338 BC The History of Macedonia

8. October 1, 331 BC Alexander's 35,000 troops fight Darius's 200,000 in the battle of Gaugamela. Darius has leveled the wide plain to allow better use of his chariots and superior numbers. Alexander leads his troops off to the edge of the prepared field. This tactic opens a gap in the Persian lines that Alexander drives into, threatening King Darius himself. In panic Darius flees. Seeing their king depart, some in the Persian army scatter. The History of Alexander the Great

9. Alexander the Great conquers Egypt. The Greeks bring coinage into Egypt for the first time. Trade and wealth begins to pour into Greece. 332 BC The History of Alexander the Great

10. Alexander dies near Babylon and is reported to have left kingdom, "to the best". Four of his generals carve up the empire and usher in the Hellenistic period. 323 BC The History of Alexander the Great

11. The History of China Click on this link to learn about China. https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/globe.html#/ms010/

12. Qin Shi Huang unites all of china under his rule. He standardizes units of measure, coinage, and the Chinese script. Qin improves commerce by creating an extensive network of roads and canals. On the dark side, he burns books, kills scholars, and causes famine by his many public works projects like the Great Wall. 221 BC The History of the Great Wall of China

13. The History of the Great Wall of China Click on this link to learn about the Great Wall of China. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMVZohnCwA

14. Gaius Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice – in 55 and 54BC. The first of these incursions was little more than a reconnaissance mission, which established a beachhead on the Kent coast but went no further. The second proved more enduring, resulting in the defeat of Cassivellaunus, and his replacement with the more Roman-friendly Mandubracius. But having won a military victory, the Romans then left Britain. They would not return for many years yet to come. 55 BC The History of Rome and Britain Click on this link to learn more about Rome and Britain. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyfMEuWy5eM

15. Battle of Alesia - Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, retreats to a natural fortress at Alesia. Reinforcements for the Gauls start to arrive, and Caesar orders his men to build fortifications on the other side. The Romans are now trapped inside a "donut" with Gauls on the inside and outside. Caesar narrowly wins the battle through a personal charge with his German cavalry. 52 BC The History of Rome and the Gauls

16. Vercingetorix lays down his arms in front of Julius Caesar Painting representing Vercingetorix giving his weapons to Cesar. It is a symbolic gesture to show he surrenders. Gradually, the cultures of the Gauls and the Romans merged to create what is known as the Gallo-Roman society. The Romans brought roads, bridges and baths to Gaul, whilst the Gauls shared their craftsmanship. Gaul then experienced three centuries of peace. 52 BC The History of Rome and the Gauls

17. Cleopatra & Ptolemy XII inherit Egypt. Ptolemy was the name of Alexander the Great's general who "inherited" Egypt. Cleopatra was the name of Alexander the Great's sister. Almost three centuries later, the Greek influence in Egypt was still strong. 51 BC The History of Egypt and Greece

18. The History of Cleopatra, Rome & Greece Click on this link to learn about Cleopatra, Greece & Rome. http://www.biography.com/people/cleopatra-vii-9250984

19. Jesus Christ, founder of modern Christianity is born in Bethlehem, Judea. 33 BC The History of Jesus Christ

20. Against all odds, Octavian (of Rome) defeats Antony (a Roman who fled to Egypt) at battle of Actium. Antony’s soldiers lose heart when Antony leaves the fight to follow Cleopatra who is fleeing the battle. 31 BC The History of Egypt and Rome

21. Credit: National Geographic. Click on this link for more detailed information as to each time period. https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html The History of Humans