1 / 36

The Building of a New Nation (1787-1800)

The Building of a New Nation (1787-1800). I. Articles of Confederation. 1781 Provided: Central government Unicameral legislative branch Unanimous vote to amend 2/3 needed to pass laws. 3. Some weaknesses No power to tax No power to enforce treaties Every state has 1 vote

laszlo
Download Presentation

The Building of a New Nation (1787-1800)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Building of a New Nation (1787-1800)

  2. I. Articles of Confederation • 1781 • Provided: • Central government • Unicameral legislative branch • Unanimous vote to amend • 2/3 needed to pass laws

  3. 3. Some weaknesses No power to tax No power to enforce treaties Every state has 1 vote No power to regulate commerce Unanimous vote to amend Problem Created Growing debt; can’t pay army. Britain keeps troop on American soil. (They should’ve left) Unequal representation Trade hindered Difficult to amend Articles of Confederation (cont’d)

  4. II. Post-War Problems • Economic depression • Sovereignty of the U.S. challenged • Britain kept navigation laws • Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. trade

  5. 3. Barbary Pirates— North Africans; took advantage of lack of British presence. 4. These problems cause the colonies to repair the weakened A.O.C.

  6. III. New Laws • Land Ordinance of 1785 • New townships set aside land for public education • Sale of public land to pay off national debt • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Territories w/60,000 apply for statehood • Equal status w/ other states • Banned slavery North of Ohio River

  7. IV. Shay’s Rebellion & its Aftermath • Daniel Shays • High taxes, debtor prisons, lack of valuable currency • 1786—Demanded restitution & tax relief • Congress failed to ensure states could protect the rights & liberties of their own citizens • The A.O.C need to be fixed!!!

  8. V. Constitutional Convention(Philadelphia Convention) • May 25, 1787—55 delegates from all states but RI met. • Washington elected chairperson • James Madison, delegate from VA, became the leading voice. • Central Government—power would exceed the power of the states • Separation of Powers—exec., leg., & jud. branches • “Factions”—strong national gov. keep these views in check.

  9. 4. A.O.C would be thrown out!!!!

  10. VI. A Great Compromise is Reached • State representation in the legislative branch? • Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph, larger states • May 29, 1787—rep.based solely on population.

  11. A Great Compromise is Reached (cont’d) • New Jersey Plan—William Patterson • Equal representation • Unicameral House • June 11, 1787—Roger Shermanthe Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) • House of Reps.: based on the pop. of states • House of Senate: equal representation; regardless of state population.

  12. VII. An Executive Decision and the 3/5 Compromise • Pres. elected by a rep.body; not a popular vote---avoid “mobocracy” • Electoral College—cast votes as reps. of their states. • Presidential Powers: • Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces • Chief Diplomat • Veto legislation.

  13. 3/5 Compromise • What about the slaves? • 3/5—Southern slaves would be counted as 3/5 a citizen • A deal for passing the Northwest Ordinance • 1808—South ended legal importation of slaves

  14. VIII. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Problems in ratifying. • 9 of the 13 colonies required to ratify. • Many feared the return of tyranny • Federalists • In favor of the Constitution • Strong central government • Anti-Federalists • Opposed the Constitution • In favor of strong states’ rights

  15. Ratifying the Constitution (cont’d) • VA was critical. • Most populous state • Largest number of Anti-Federalists • Bill of Rights • Individual freedoms • State sovereignty

  16. The Federalist Papers • Encourage NY Ratification • Madison, Hamilton, Jay85 essays • The Federalist Papers • Ratify the Constitution • Refuted doubts about a central gov. ruling a vast land

  17. IX. Structuring the New Republic • April 30, 1789 • Washington takes office • John Adams VP • Washington sets precedents • Secretary of State-Jefferson • Secretary of Treasury-Hamilton • Secretary of War- Knox • Attorney General-Randolph • “Cabinet”—these 4 men

  18. Judiciary Act of 1789 • Established: • Supreme Court • One presiding chief justice • 5 associate justices • 13 district courts • 3 circuit courts of appeal

  19. X. Hamilton Fixes Finances • Report on Public Credit (1790) • Monetary/Fiscal Policy favor the richthey spend in the economystimulate domestic growth • Report on Manufactures(1791) • Protect the infant industrialization of the U.S. • Strong protective tariffs

  20. Hamilton Fixes Finances (cont’d) • 5 components: • Boost national credit • “Father/Son” relationship between states and federal government • Heavy tariffs on imported goods • Excise taxes on whiskey 5. National bank

  21. Hamilton Fixes Finances (cont’d) • Fed. Gov. assume all state debts • Capital on the banks of the Potomac River • Revenue Act of 1789 • 8% tariff on imports • Such goods as whiskey to make up the shortfall in revenue

  22. XI. The Bank of the United States (BUS) • National treasury would keep its deposits in the bank • Keep the funds safe & available as loanable funds • Jefferson opposed • Strict Constructionist—Strict interpretation of the constitution. • Hamilton support the BUS • Loose Constructionist—Loose interpretation of the Constitution

  23. The Bank of the United States (BUS) (cont’d) • Elastic Clause—Granted Congress “implied powers” to pass laws that were “necessary & proper” to run the country effectively. • Washington agreed with Hamilton; signs the bank into law in 1791. • Party system arises

  24. The Bank of the United States (BUS) (cont’d) • Democratic-Republicans • Thomas Jefferson • Limit the powers of the central gov. • Greater state’s rights • Federalists • Strong national gov. • Powers supreme over the states

  25. XII. Development of Foreign Policy • French Revolution (1789-1793) • Jeffersonuphold the Franco-American alliance in 1778 • Hamiltonneutral to maintain trade relations with Britain. • Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 • French & British began seizing American ships in the Atlantic • Seize the cargo • Impress sailors into military service

  26. Development of Foreign Policy (cont’d) • Chief Justice John Jay • Negotiate with the British to reaffirm U.S. neutrality • Removal of British forts in the West. • Pinckney’s Treaty • Settlement boundary • Navigation on the Mississippi River • Use of the Port of New Orleans

  27. Development of Foreign Policy (cont’d) • Washington’s Farewell Address • Left office in 1797 • Remain neutral in European affairs! • Avoid entangling alliances • Refrain from “factions” or political parties

  28. XIII. Internal Issues Facing the New Government • Threat of Indian attack • Insurrection by angry citizens • Settlement of western lands • Treaty of Greenville • Shawnee, Miami give up lands in Ohio & Indiana.

  29. Internal Issues Facing the New Government (cont’d) • Whiskey Rebellion • Excise Tax on whiskey • Farmers protested violently • Significance: • Pres. Washington put down the rebellion • New fed. Gov. had the power to maintain peace.

  30. X. Adams as 2nd President • Pres. Adams; VP Jefferson • XYZ Affair • 1797—stop the seizing of American vessels by the French • French agents X, Y, Z • U.S. refused to bribe

  31. XYZ Affair (cont’d) • “Quasi-War” • Hamilton calls for military action • 1798-1800 • West Indies • U.S. vs. French • Convention of 1800 • Ended Franco-American alliance • U.S. pay for damaged French vessels • Avoid all-out war

  32. XI. Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists aimed to silence opposition • Alien Acts • Residency requirements; 5 to 14 years • President power to detain &/or deport enemy aliens in times of war

  33. Sedition Act • Illegal to criticize the Pres. or Congress • Heavy fine or imprisonment • Theory of nullification • States pass their own laws to nullify the Alien & Sedition Acts

  34. Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions • The states, not the Supreme Court, were the final judges of the limits of federal power • States were justified in declaring federal law null and void

More Related