Unit 6

1. Unit 6 A French Fourth

2. Text one • Text two • Oral activity • Post-reading Activity

3. 1. Pre-reading Questions 2. Background information 3.Language Study 4. Analysis of the structure Text One

4. 1. What do you do to celebrate National Day? •2. How much do you know about National Day of different countries in the world? 3. What is the cultural penetration? 4. What do you think of studying abroad? Pre-reading Questions

5. 　　据统计，全世界以国家建立的时间为国庆日的国家有35个。我国以建国的1949年10月1日为国庆节。　　据统计，全世界以国家建立的时间为国庆日的国家有35个。我国以建国的1949年10月1日为国庆节。 　　以占领首都那天为国庆节的有古巴、柬埔寨、捷克和斯洛伐克。 有些国家以国家独立日为国庆节。1804年1月1日，海地人民歼灭了拿破仑的6万远征军，在太子港宣布独立，从此就把每年的1月1日定为国庆节。墨西哥、加纳等国也是如此。 国庆日的历史悠久，源远流长。因此，世界各国确定国庆日的依据也千奇百怪

6. 还有些国家以武装起义纪念日作为国庆节。罗马尼亚把共产党领导武装起义，推翻安东尼斯库反动统治后，转入反法西斯战争的1944年8月23日定为国庆节。法国是以摧毁专制性象征物的日期，定为本国国庆节。还有些国家以武装起义纪念日作为国庆节。罗马尼亚把共产党领导武装起义，推翻安东尼斯库反动统治后，转入反法西斯战争的1944年8月23日定为国庆节。法国是以摧毁专制性象征物的日期，定为本国国庆节。 　　另有一些国家以重大会议日为国庆节。美国以1776年7月4日大陆会议通过《独立宣言》的日子为国庆日。加拿大是以英国议会1867年7月1日通过《大不列颠北美法案》这一天为国庆节。日本是以天皇裕仁的诞辰日为国庆。还有以国家元首的生日为国庆节的，如尼泊尔、泰国、瑞典、荷兰、丹麦、比利时等国家。

7. Independence Day is the national holiday of the United States of America commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. And although the signing of the Declaration was not completed until August, the 4th of July has been accepted as the official anniversary of United States independence. By the early 1800s the traditions of parades, picnics, and fireworks were established as the way to celebrate America's birthday. And although fireworks have been banned in most places because of their danger, most towns and cities usually have big firework displays for all to see and enjoy. US Independence DayJuly 4th (US)

8. Bastille Day is a National holiday in France. It is very much like Independence Day in the United States because it is a celebration of the beginning of a new form of government. The Bastille was a prison in France that the kings and queens often used to lock up the people that did not agree with their decisions. To many, it was a symbol of all the bad things done by the kings and queens. So, on July 14, 1789, a large number of French citizens gathered together and stormed the Bastille. Bastille Day（法国国庆日）July 14th

9. The people in France celebrate the storming of the Bastille as the beginning of the French Revolution. The Revolutions brought great changes. Kings and queens no longer rule. The people rule themselves and make their own decisions.

10. 1. Diet 2. Wedding: 3. Clothing: cheong-sam 4. TV program & film 5. Pop music 6. Books… Cultural penetration

11. 1.About the text: this text is taken from The Atlantic Monthly, July/August 2001. This magazine has over 150-year history. Its readership, now numbers 1.5 million across the country. 2. About the author: Charles Trueheart is a correspondent for the Washington Post based in Paris. Background information

12. Text Organization: This text talks about the influence of a foreign culture on expatriated families. It can be divided into three parts. In Part I (Paragraphs 1-3), the author starts with a way of celebrating his home country's National Day, i. e. the Independence Day of the United States. In Part II (Paragraphs 4-9), he makes a contrastive analysis of the costs and benefits of the expatriated people. Part III (Paragraphs 10-12), he talks about the effect of globalization.

13. In this part, the author tells us that he celebrated his National Day in another country hanging by an old flag from a fourth-floor balcony. He then reminds people like him of their native country and culture. The following questions may be asked: 1) Why does the author hang the American flag from his fourth-floor balcony in Paris? He does it for two reasons. First, as an American living in Paris, he does not want to forget his native heritage and flag-hanging is the only thing he can do to celebrate the Independence Day. Second, he wants to use the flag-hanging as a special means to teach his children about the American history and as a reminder of their American identity. Language study(Part Ⅰ (Para 1-3 )

14. 2) The author has kept the old flag for a long time. Why didn't he get a new one? The text does not tell us explicitly, but it is very likely that this flag was brought to Paris from the U. S. a long time ago. To the author, the old flag is a better reminder of his home country than a new one. Language study(Para 1-3 )

15. 3) Why do the author and his family go back home for the summer? As expatriates, they are not used to the custom and cultural traditions in France, but they have little access to the traditional culture of their motherland. So they go back home to trace the heritage of Americans. In addition, because their children are reared up in a completely foreign culture, they have the obligation to teach their children the culture and history of their motherland. Language study(Para 1-3 )

16. Language points 1. fold away: make something into a smaller, neater shape by folding it, usually several times. E.g These camping chairs can be folded away and put in the trunk. The piece of paper was folded away carefully and tucked into her purse. foldaway: adj. designed to be folded up for easy storage: a foldaway bed Language study(Para 1-3 )

17. 2. regulation:adj. conforming to regulations or rules. E.g. a regulation cap [uniform] 制帽[制服] Christians usually decorate their houses with the regulation decorations as Christmas approaches. Language study(Para 1-3 )

18. 3. ... but in my mind's eye an American tourist may notice it and smile ... in one’s mind’s eye: in one’s memory or imagination. Pp. ... but I imagine that an American tourist may notice it and show his appreciation of my action with a smile… 4. passerby:A person who passes by pl. passersby Language study(Para 1-3 )

19. 5. the date and the occasion that prompt its appearance: prompt: 1) to move to act; spur; incite: e.g. A noise prompted the guard to go back and investigate.嘈杂声促使卫兵回头调查。 2) To give rise to; inspire: e.g. The accident prompted a review of school safety policy.这场事故引起对学校安全制度的反思。 Pp. The event of the thirteen states of British colonies declaring their independence on July 4, 1776 brought about the appearance of this flag. Language study(Para 1-3 )

20. 6. expatriate: 1) vi. settle oneself abroad. E.g. These British expatriate in Spain. 2) vt. to send sb. into exile. Adj. expatriated= expatriate e. g. Tokyo remains the most expensive city in the world for expatriate families to live in, [U] expatriation 7. in part: partly 8. barbecue: food prepared on a metal appliance at a gathering. Language study(Para 1-3 )

21. 9. suppress such outward signs of their heritage : Pp. do not give manifestations of their traditional culture handed down from their ancestors. suppress: vt. prohibit the activities of; to inhibit the expression of E.g. suppress a smile. The troops suppressed the rebellion by firing on the mob.军队向暴徒开枪镇压叛乱。 suppression: [U] e.g. a policy of suppression高压政策 Language study(Para 1-3 )

22. heritage: [U] cultural traditions that have been passed down from previous generations. E.g. 我们中国人有伟大的文化遗产。 We Chinese have a great cultural heritage. 10. refuel: Its original meaning is to fill with more fuel for a vehicle but here it means to fill someone's mind with more knowledge of their native culture. E.g. Oil tankers will accompany the containers for trans-ocean refuelling. In a society of intense competition, people have to refuel every year to catch up with the rapid renewal of knowledge. Language study(Para 1-3 )

23. 11. cool: calm and unemotional in a difficult situation E.g. He was marvelously cool again, smiling as if nothing had happened. I didn't like him at all. I thought he was cool and arrogant. 12. Q&A: questions and answers 13. The status of a citizen with its attendant duties, rights, and privileges. E.g. American citizens and British subjects. Language study(Para 1-3 )

24. 14. the American in me: Pp. the feeling of being American which is deeply rooted in my mind. 15. twinge:[C] a brief experience of an emotion, by typically an unpleasant one. E.g. a twinge of guilt.犯罪的愧疚 a twinge of conscience良心的责备 For a moment, Arnold felt a twinge of sympathy for Mr Wilson. He felt a slight twinge in his broken leg. Language study(Para 1-3 )

25. 16. unease: anxiety or discontent. E.g. We left with a deep sense of unease, because we knew something was being hidden from us. 17. lacuna: an unfilled space or interval; a gap Pl. lacunae Language study(Para 1-3 )

26. 18. July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease about the great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps. Pp. July 4 is one of the times I, as a native American, feel instinctively uneasy about the great gaps in our children’s understanding of their American identity, and thus I am motivated to do something to fill the gaps. Language study(Para 1-3 )

27. This part is the main body of the essay, in which the author tells us what is good and what is bad in living in a foreign country. He supports his argument with the experience of his own family and the difference between his generation and the generation of his own children. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

28. Questions to be considered: 1) What are the costs and benefits of raising children in a foreign culture? According to the author, it is difficult for children to understand and identify the virtues of their native culture without living in it so they need to go back to their native country to compensate for the ineffective family education. But the practice of raising children in a foreign culture has its merits. For example, it helps the children to acquire the new culture without being exposed to the disadvantages of their native culture. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

29. 2) What is the author's purpose of telling the story of his own children in Paragraphs 4 and 5? How is the story related to his argument? The story of his children is typical of American expatriates in France. It tells us that the children can learn a lot about a new culture without losing completely their own language or being exposed to the follies of their own culture. But at the same time, the story also shows that it is rather difficult for the children to understand the historical heritages of their motherland as their peer groups in the U. S. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

30. 3) Did the author achieve the purpose of his summer travel in the U. S. ? Not really. During the summer vacation, the author visited his brother's family in Massachusetts. In one week's time, they took the children to learn details of the American Revolution. They hope that the reenactment of the war will help the innocent children to understand the great historical event that led to the foundation of the nation. But to his disappointment, the result is not quite satisfactory because the children cannot completely grasp the gist of what they saw or heard. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

31. Language Points 1. If you describe something as not much of a particular type of thing, you mean that it is small or of poor quality.称不上 It hasn't been much of a holiday... 2. issue: is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing. E.g. Time is not an issue, but money is. 3.And our physical separation from our native land is not much of an issue. Pp. And living away from our native country does not matter much ( in our children’s acquisition of our native language) Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

32. 4. grateful: thankful E.g. I am grateful to you for helping me. 5. object lesson: a striking practical example of some principle or ideal实物教学课 E.g. That was an object lesson in how to handle a difficult customer. 6. folly:[U]a foolish act, idea, or practice E.g. It's sheer folly to build nuclear power stations in a country that has dozens of earthquakes every year. commit a folly作蠢事 The follies of youth are food for repentance in old age.[谚]年轻时胡闹, 年老时烦恼。 Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

33. 7.hold at a distance= keep sth. at a distance If you keep your distance from someone or something or keep them at a distance, you do not become involved with them. Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends at a distance. 8. convey: vt. 1) make an idea, impression, or feeling known or understood by someone E.g. Mr. Kissinger said the Americans had conveyed their views to the Israeli government. When I returned to my company, I tried to convey the wonder of this new machine to my colleagues. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

34. 2) To convey someone or something to a place means to carry or transport them there. e.g. The railway company extended a branch line to Brightling sea to convey fish direct to Billingsgate. [U]conveyance 9. afar:[U]/adv. a long distance E.g. saw it afar off;远远地看它； traveled afar到远方旅行 Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

35. 10. more than: not only E.g. 1)Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 2)Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. no more…...than..=not any more than E.g. Dr Hu is no more a poet than Dr Wu is a philosopher. Dr Hu is not a poet any more than Dr Wu is a philosopher. ____ three people came to my class. The three are all university professors. A. Not more than B. No more than C. More than D. No less than Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

36. 11. Aesop’s Fables: including “The Tortoise and the Hare”and “The Fox and the Grapes”. 12. La Fontaine: French writer who collected the stories of Aesop and others in his Fables拉封登，简·德 13. Concord: A town of eastern Massachusetts on the Concord River west-northwest of Boston. An early battle of the Revolutionary War was fought here on April 19, 1775. In the 19th century the town was noted as an intellectual and literary center. Population, 17,076. 14. The North Bridge: one of Concord’s oldest bridges, joining the town to Groton. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

37. 15. A glimpseof something is a brief experience of it or an idea about it that helps you understand or appreciate it better. 16. run across: meet them or find them unexpectedly. 17. reenactment: [U] acting out a post event. Vt. reenact: enact again E.g. reenacted the events leading up to the accident.再次展现导致事故的一系列事件 enact: 1)To make into law: E.g. Congress enacted a tax reform bill. 2)To act (something) out, as on a stage: E.g. enacted the part of the parent. 3) go through; act out Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

38. 18. skirmish: 1) [C]a short rough fight E.g. Border skirmishes between India and Pakistan were common. 2) vi. fight. E.g. Police skirmished with youths on the estate last Friday. 19. launch: vt/i. to set going; initiate: launch a career; 开创一项事业； launch forth on a dangerous mission;开始执行一项危险的使命； launched out on her own after college. 她大学毕业后展开新生活 Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

39. 20. Three-cornered hat 21.bonnet: a soft hat tied under the chin Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

40. 22. confirm to:prove something definitely true These statistics confirm our worst fears about the depth of the recession. The spokesman confirmed that the area was now in the rebels' hands. 23. goggle-eyed: having staring or protruding eyes, especially through astonishment. 24. make-believe: adj. imitating something real; pretending e.g.She used to play games of make-believe with her elder sister. The violence in those films was too unreal, it was make-believe... Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

41. 25. satisfaction swelling in my breast: with my heart full of satisfaction swell: vt. Be intensely affected or filled with a particular emotion E.g. to swell like a turkey cock趾高气扬 Rage swelled within me.我心头怒火升腾 be swollen with indignation满腔愤怒 be swollen with pride骄傲 His emotion swells and subsides.他的情绪忽高忽低。 Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

42. 26. Gulliver: An Englishman who travels to the imaginary lands of Lilliput, Brobdingnag, and Laputa, and the country of the Houyhnhnms in Jonathan Swift's satire Gulliver's Travels (1726). 27. as we pursued this conversation: Pp. as we continued to discuss the topic of the American Revolution. pursue: vi. Continue to study, explore, or discuss (a topic, idea, or argument) E.g. Let's not pursue this argument. 她持续不断地学了五年英语。 She pursued the study of English for five years. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

43. 28.The French Revolution: a bourgeois revolution that took place in France in 18 century in order to turn over absolute monarchy. The ideology of the Revolution amounted to the praise of the “self-made man”. 29. enlightenment: the act of enlightening or the state of being enlightened. E.g. This is difficult and I need enlightenment.这很难，我需要指点。 enlighten: to give them more knowledge and greater understanding about something. E.g. He enlightened me on this subject. Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened. 兼听则明。 Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

44. Enlightenment: the intellectual movement that took place in the 18th century Europe. The movement was motivated by the fundamental idea that human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build a better world. The principal targets were religion (embodied in France in the Catholic Church) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy.启蒙运动 Rousseau; Voltaire Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

45. 30. bring up: introduce it into a discussion or conversation. 31. riposte: make a quick clever reply to an insult or criticism. `It's tough at the top,' he said. `It's tougher at the bottom,' riposted the billionaire. You can refer to an action as a riposteto something when it is a response to that thing. e.g. The operation is being seen as a swift riposte to the killing of a senior army commander. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

46. 32. frame of reference: a particular set of beliefs, ideas, or observations on which one bases his judgment E.g. Please see to it that you are dealing with someone with a different frame of reference. The observer interprets what he sees in terms of his own cultural frame of reference. 33. Thomas Jefferson:托马斯・杰弗逊 the 3rd U.S. President. Language study(Part Ⅱ Para 4-9)

47. This is the concluding part, in which the author touches upon the effect of globalization. The following questions could be asked: 1) Why does the author recall his own experience as a child in Paragraph 10? Because he wants to illustrate that as a child he had a particular way of viewing the world around him, which was quite different from that of the adults. Haste makes waste. So the knowledge of his native land should be accumulated gradually. Language study(Part III (Para 10-12 ) )

48. 2) What are the differences between the author and his children as expatriates at about the same time in their lives'? What causes the differences? They are different in both behavior and mentality. His children are quite like their French peers in behavior and dress style, while the author was quite different from his French peers when he was a child. These differences are due to the rapid social changes and cultural merging all over the world. The world is becoming a huge melting pot in which different cultures of the world are mixing up. Language study(Part III (Para 10-12 ) )

49. 3) Why does the author say the development is sad? Because globalization becomes the keynote of life in the world today. Cultures are also merging with each other. Children cannot tell the exact differences between two cultures and it is impossible for them to relive the author's experience of living in a foreign culture. So this kind of development is sad to the author. Language study(Part III (Para 10-12 ) )

50. Language Points 1. resonate: vi evoke or suggest images, memories, and emotions E.g. London is confident and alive, resonating with all the qualities of a civilized city. 2. enroll: vt. to enter or register in a roll, list, or record: E.g. enrolled the child in kindergarten [U] enrollment Language study(Part III (Para 10-12 ) )