The Progressive Era

1. 1 The Progressive Era The Triumph of Populism Plus a good bit more Progressivism in domestic policy

2. 2 Progressivism Definition Characteristics Idealism AND Rationalism Optimism AND Pragmatism Predominantly Middle class, but also Lower Class and Upper Class As opposed to most Populists

3. 3 Who were Progressives Urban reformers Racial issues Niagara Movement --> NAACP Social reformers Settlement houses Political reformers City government structure Farmers � Neo-populists Labor Temperance (again)

4. 4 Who were Progressives Businessmen FW Taylor Henry Ford Ivy Lee Andrew Carnegie Gospel of Wealth

5. 5 Who were Progressives Lawyers � Natural law vs environment Louis Brandeis Oliver Wendell Holmes Conservationists John Muir Gifford Pinchot Politicians Robert M Lafollette Teddy Roosevelt Wm Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

6. 6 Progressive reforms - Social Expanded pubic awareness and generosity regarding the problems of The poor Immigrants Native Americans African Americans The environment Also expanded public awareness and resentment regarding the above Scientific Management Prohibition of Alcohol

7. 7 Progressive reforms - Political Expansion of �Democracy� Initiative, Referendum, Recall Popular election of Senators Women�s Suffrage Progressive Income Tax Expansion of civil service jobs Enforcement of anti-trust laws

8. 8 Progressive reforms - Political Stricter enforcement of Granger laws Expansion of national parks, forests, mineral reserves Meat Inspection Act The Jungle Pure Food and Drug Act

9. 9 Pure Food and Drug Act

10. 10 Pure Food and Drug Act

11. 11 Progressive reforms - Political Stricter enforcement of Granger laws Expansion of national parks, forests, mineral reserves Meat Inspection Act The Jungle Pure Food and Drug Act

12. 12 Progressivism and Foreign Policy 1880-1920 Imperialism vs. Progressivism The �War to End All Wars�

13. 13 Progressivism and Empire 1880-1920 : Imperialism vs. Idealism Causes of American Imperialism Economic Foreign and Domestic Markets Competition with European Powers Social Competition with European Powers Ethnocentrism (again) White Man�s Burden, Social Darwinism, Spread of �the American way� Newspapers � �Yellow Journalism� Political Competition with European Powers Mahan The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783

14. 14 Progressivism and Empire 1880-1920 :Imperialism vs. Idealism Hawaii Queen Lilioukalani Sanford Dole Annexation The Open Door Policy # 1 # 2

15. 15 Progressivism and Empire 1880-1920 :Imperialism vs. Idealism The Spanish American War Cuba War for Independence The Filipino Insurrection �The Big Stick� Panama Canal

16. 16 Canal Dreams Clayton / Bulwer Treaty - 1850 US - Great Britain : Isthmian Canal The French Panama Canal Company 1882-1889 Rights to build from Colombia government (Panama a province/state of Colombia) Ferdinand de Lessep (Suez Canal) Phillippe Bunau-Varilla

17. 17 Canal Dreams French Panama Canal Co. Fails Tremendous obstacles climate - landslides, disease, insects engineering Bunau-Varilla obtained property rights from FPC Co. Hay / PauncefoteTreaty - 1901 releases US from joint canal obligation requirement: any canal built by the US must be open to all shipping with the same standard fees McKinley favors Nicaraguan site

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24. 24 Progressivism and Empire 1880-1920 :Imperialism vs. Idealism The Spanish American War Cuba War for Independence The Filipino Insurrection �The Big Stick� Panama Canal

25. 25 �The War to End All Wars� AKA:�The War to Make the World Safe for Democracy� Underlying Causes of US Entry into the War on the side of the Allies Shared Language Culture British Blockade and German USW Transatlantic Cable and Propaganda US Economic Investment Precipitating Causes of US Entry into the War The Treaty of Versailles The Big Four Their Goals Their final product

26. 26 Versailles Treaty and �The Big Four� Countries Great Britain France Italy United States

27. 27 Wilson�s 14 Points Three sections All directed at the causes of World War I 1. Rewriting the rules of international relations Open covenants openly negotiated Freedom of the seas for non-combatants Decrease in military forces End of tariffs and trade restrictions Cease exploitation of colonies and spheres of influence 2. Redrawing the map of Europe

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29. 29 Redrawing the map of Europe

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33. 33 The League of Nations Collective Security

34. 34 �The War to End All Wars� AKA: Reasons the Versailles Treaty Failed to pass the Senate Predisposing Causes Wilson�s Personality Exacerbated by his reception from the public in Europe Wilson�s decision regarding delegation Historical Tradition in US Foreign Policy Washington�s Farewell Address �Reservationists� � HC Lodge �Irreconcilables� � Hiram Johnson / Wm. Borah Precipitating Causes �Parliamentary� failure Simple majority to amend with �reservations� 2/3 majority to ratify Failure of Wilson�s popular appeal to voters Borah and Johnson

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