PROPOSED PHYSICS PROGRAMME AT THE PLANNED MedAustron FACILITY

1. PROPOSED PHYSICS PROGRAMME AT THE PLANNED MedAustron FACILITY H. Leeb and G. Badurek Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

2. The Project MedAustron Cancer is the 2nd important cause for death in Europe In Austria 36.000 new cases per year 18% of the primary tumors cannot be destroyed at the place of its origin although no metastases have been formed There is justified hope that most of these can be successfully destroyed by ion therapy MedAustron is an Austrian initiative for a facility for hadron therapy surgery metastases radiation therapy surgery and radiation therapy chemotherapy primary tumor 55% not healed 45% healed Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

3. Characteristics of the Facility The design project foresees irradiations with a proton and a carbon-ion beam. The accelerator is not fixed yet, but the design parameters are: proton beam 120-400(800) MeV 1x1010s-1 carbon-ion beam 120-400 MeV 4x108s-1 The beam spot is about 1-4 mm2 and allows to scan the tumor in size and depths. The latter is controlled via varying the energy of the beam. Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

4. Non-clinical Programme Besides the use for cancer therapy, the accelerator facility will also serve for non-clinical research. The following research topics are envisaged at MedAustron • radiation biology • pre-clinical research • physics research • Particle & High energy physics (Test of Detectors) • Nuclear physics • Atomic physics • Materials science • Dosimetry (cosmic & terrestrial) • others … These non-clinical research activities will only take place during night time and holidays Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

5. A 120 – 800 MeV B? Current layout of the MedAustron Facility 10 m Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

6. g cm-3 N = f Ip σL0d Protons N = 6.0×105σd p    incident flux A M A m barn Nreactions/s f pulse frequency ( 1 Hz) Ipparticles/pulse specific mass density Mmol mass σcross section L0Loschmidt number dtarget thickness N = 2.4×104σd 12C-ions atomic mass number Nuclear Physics Experiments Assessment of feasibility with MedAustron beam parameters Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

7. Currently a further increase of flux of stable isotope ions by 2 orders of magnitude is under discussion ! European Accelerators for Nuclear Physics The incident particle flux of most European accelerators dedicated for nuclear physics is 2-3 oders of magnitude higher than the expected flux at MedAutron ! Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

8. Expected integral reaction rate d = 1 m 1%statistical accuracy 4250 s (71 min) 170 s A= 100 =10 g cm-3 p = 1010 s-1 (1H+) & 4×108 s-1 (12C6+) Protons 12C-ions Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

9. Typical setup for the measurment of angle-differential cross-sections C = N width of detector entrance window w2 16 D2 Count rate: target-detector distance Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

10. Assumption Differential cross-section measurements w = 10 mm D = 150 mm Ip = 1010 s-1 σ= 10-1 barn d = 0.1 m A = 100  = 10 g cm-3 C = 21 s-1 Measurement time for 1% accuracy 200 min 8 min Protons 12C-ions Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

11. Nuclear physics standard experiments are in principle feasible at MedAustron ! Systematic study of nuclear radii by elastic proton scattering ... Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

12. Collision time  5×10-18 s Atomic Collision Processes with MedAustron Particle Beams A possible approach to attosecond-physics ? 400 MeV/u 12C6+: =1,4 → ~0,70 →v ~ 2,1×108 m/s Atomic collision range  1 nm = 10-9 m Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

13. GSI-UNILAC 15,5 MeV/u (3x1011 p/s) U75+→ Ar Arq+- recoil ions Recoil-Rate Recoil-Energy/eV Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

14. Electron yields at collisions of highly charged ions (HCI) with surfaces Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

15. ordered random single ion microprobe Materials Research with MedAustron E.g. irradiation of various materials (e.g. polymeres) with MeV Carbon ions to produce nano-capillaries • Possible applications: • Single nanopore membranes (biosensors) • Templates to produce free standing metal needles or carbon nanotubes etc. Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

16. 50µm Heavy Ion Microprobe Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

17. Cosmic Radiation Environment • Simulating major aspects of galactic and solar radiation climate • 4He, 12C, 16O, 56Fe ion beams of a few hundred MeV/u • Characterization of detector response to heavy charged particles • Dose verification and radiation transport models for interplanetary space exploration • Improved dosimetric methodology for terrestrial applications • Aircrew dosimetry, medical dosimetry, Ionization density dependence of high-temperature ratio and relative thermoluminescent efficiency [Adapted from M. Hajek et al., Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 120, 446 (2006)] Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

18. Solid-State Nanodosimetry • Modelling of luminescence mechanisms • Charge state configuration after absorption of high-LET ionizing radiation • Ionization density dependence of radiobiological endpoints (DNA strand breaks, apoptosis, …) • Pathways of bystander signal transduction between neighbouring cells • Correlation of heavy ion-induced physical and radiobiological parameters • Quasi-biological nanodosimetry TL emission Competitor R R Electron trap e e h h C C C C C C C TL emission Recombination centre Hole trap Charge state configuration in TL phosphor after absorption of ionizing radiation [Adapted from Y. S. Horowitz et al., Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 119, 45 (2006)] Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

19. Conclusions • MedAustron can become a homebase for preparation of • experiments at international research facilities • MedAustron can provide a useful training ground for • young scientists with up-to-date tools • MedAustron may serve for exploration and testing of • new ideas and methods • MedAustron may serve to run routine experiments • yielding important data in fields in which no beam time at dedicated large research facilities can be allocated. Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete

20. For a viable longlasting development formal cooperation agreements with partner laboratories are essential ! Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete