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The present and past perfect

The present and past perfect. Essential Question: How do I express what has happened and what had happened in Spanish?. Present/past perfect. These tenses are compound tenses that actually are pretty easy to handle because they are parallel to English.

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The present and past perfect

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  1. The present and past perfect Essential Question: How do I express what has happened and what had happened in Spanish?

  2. Present/past perfect • These tenses are compound tenses that actually are pretty easy to handle because they are parallel to English. • The present perfect says what ‘has happened’ or what you ‘have done.’ • The past perfect says what ‘had happened’ or what you ‘had done’.

  3. El presente perfecto • In English, to make the present perfect, it requires the helping verb ‘to have’ and what is called the past participle of the verb (which includes I’ve, you’ve, etc) • I eat, I have eaten • I sleep, I have slept • I do, I have done • We use this in questions: • Have you seen the new movie? • In Spanish, it is also a compound tense, necesitas el verbo ‘haber’ y un participiopasado

  4. El participio pasado • Para formar el participiopasado: • -ar verbs: Remove –ar and replace with –ado • Hablar = habladoEstudiar = estudiado • -er/-ir verbs: Remove ending and replace with –ido • Vivir = vivido Comer = comido • Leer = leído(note accent because of strong ‘I’ next to other vowel)

  5. El participio pasado • Hay varios irregulares: • Hacer- hecho • Decir- dicho • Ver- visto • Volver- vuelto, devolver-devuelto, etc • Abrir- abierto • Morir- muerto • Romper- roto • Poner- puesto • Escribir- escrito • Cubrir- cubierto, descubrir-descubierto, etc

  6. El presente perfecto • Haber is conjugated (but is never alone) • Yo- he • Tú- has • Él/ella/Ud.- ha • Nosotros- hemos • Ellos/ellas/Uds.- han • El presenteperfecto: “haber” + el participiopasado • I have eaten- Yohe comido • They have not done homework- Ellosno hanhechola tarea.

  7. El presente perfecto • If you have a pronoun (DO, IOP, reflexive), it still goes before the conjugated verb (haber) • Te he dicho mil vecesquehagas la tarea. • (El programa en la tele) Mihermano no lo ha visto • Noshemospreparadopor mucho tiempo.

  8. Try it! – in Cuaderno • Write in English and in Spanish • I haven’t studied. • Have you washed the dishes? • We haven’t eaten.

  9. Check it • I haven’t studied. No he estudiado. • Have you washed the dishes? ¿Has lavado los platos? • We haven’t eaten. No hemoscomido.

  10. El pluscuamperfecto • Otronombrees el pasado perfecto. En ingléses el pluperfect o el past perfect • It indicates what ‘had happened’ or what you ‘had done’ • It is a compound verb tense and works just like the presenteperfecto “haber” + el participiopasado

  11. El pluscuamperfecto • Necesitas el verbo ‘haber’ y el participiopasado(-ado, -ido) • Casino se usa solo. Casisiempre forma parte de unaoraciónqueindicaalgo en el pasado • Muchasveces se usa con ‘ya’ o ‘todavía’

  12. El pluscuamperfecto • En el pluscuamperfecto, lasformas de ‘haber’ son: • Yohabía • Túhabías • Él/ella/Ud. había • Nosotroshabíamos • Ellos/ellas/Uds. habían

  13. El pluscuamperfecto • Ejemplos: • Cuandosumamállegó a casa, Carlos yahabíahechosutarea. • When his mom got home, Carlos had already done his homework. • ¿Quéhabíashecho antes en tuotraescuela? • What had you done before in your other school?

  14. Try it! – in Cuaderno • When I was 12, I had never gotten a B. • Before living in Arizona, where else had you lived? • He didn’t know that he had fallen asleep.

  15. Check it! • When I was 12, I had never gotten a B. • Cuandotenía 12 años, nuncahabíasacadouna B. • Before living in Arizona, where else had you lived? • Antes de vivir en Arizona, ¿dóndemáshabíasvivido? • He didn’t know that he had fallen asleep. • Él no sabíaque se habíadormido.

  16. Practice – in Cuaderno! 1) Pick any 6 verbs, 3 of which must have irregular participles. • Conjugate in the present perfect and past perfect (just write the participle once) Ejemplos: hablar: he/habíahablado, has/habíashablado, ha/habíahablado, hemos/habíamoshablado, han/habíanhablado 2) Escribir5 oraciones en presenteperfecto 3) Escribir5 con pasado perfecto

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