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Taxonomy & Classification: Exploring Organism Classification

Learn about taxonomy and classification in this warm-up activity. Discover the different levels of taxonomy and understand how organisms are classified based on their similarities. Explore the kingdoms of life and review the characteristics of Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Dive into the classification of vertebrates, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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Taxonomy & Classification: Exploring Organism Classification

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  1. Warm Up- 1/31 • How do you organize the clothes in your closet?

  2. Good Things

  3. Announcements

  4. Activity • Take a sticky note • Write the name of a unique animal • How do we arrange them?

  5. Unit 8:Taxonomy and Classification

  6. Title: Taxonomy & Classification

  7. Warm Up- 2/4 • The most specific level of taxonomy is… A. Domain B. Class C. Species D. Genus

  8. Good Things

  9. Taxonomy Intro

  10. Taxonomy & Classification • Taxonomy- The branch of science that identifies and categorizes organisms based on similarities

  11. Classification System • Domain (most general) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species (most specific)

  12. Relatedness of organisms • Can be determined using the classification system • For example: Although he wolves and dogs are members of different species, we know Canis lupus and Canis familiaris are closely related because they are in the same genus. • The more categories 2 organisms have in common, the closer their relationship

  13. Binomial Nomenclature • System of naming organisms • Two parts: Genus and species • Uses the latin forms of the word to avoid differences in translation • Ex: Canis lupus or Canis lupus

  14. Kingdoms of Life • Currently, there are 6 kingdoms: • Archae • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  15. Vocab Review • Prokaryote: • Eukaryote: • Autotroph: • Heterotroph: • Unicellular: • Multicellular:

  16. ARCHAE Characteristics • Formerly called “Archaebacteria” • Prokaryote • Unicellular (one celled) • Have cell wall (peptidoglycan) • Autotroph or heterotroph • Asexual reproduction

  17. BACTERIA Characteristics • Eubacteria • Prokaryote • Unicellular (one celled) • Have cell wall (peptidoglycan) • Autotroph or heterotroph • Asexual reproduction • Helpful and harmful (most are beneficial like E. coli in our digestive system)

  18. Warm up- 2/5 • What are the three types of Cell Wall?

  19. Good Things

  20. Notes Cont…

  21. CORRECTION! Protista Characteristics • Eukarya • Most unicellular • Some colonial, some multicellular • May have a cell wall (cellulose) • Autotroph or heterotroph • Asexual or sexual reproduction

  22. FUNGI Characteristics • Eukarya • Most multicellular, some unicellular • Cell wall (chitin) • Heterotroph • Asexual or sexual reproduction

  23. PLANTAE Characteristics • Eukarya • Multicellular • Cell wall (cellulose) • Autotroph • Asexual or sexual reproduction

  24. ANIMALIA Characteristics • Eukarya • Multicellular • No cell wall • Heterotroph • Sexual reproduction

  25. Phylum ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata • Contains the following classes: • 1. Agnatha-most primitive fish; jawless with no scales (lampreys and hagfish) • 2. Chondrichthyes-fish whose skeletons are made of cartilage rather than bone (sharks and rays) • 3. Osteichthyes-all of the bony fish (tuna, bass, salmon, etc.) • 4. Amphibia • 5. Reptilia • 6. Aves • 7. Mammalia

  26. Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata,Class Amphibia • Spend part of their lives under water and part on land.  • Frogs, toads, and salamanders are amphibians.  • Many of these species must keep their skin moist by periodically returning to wet areas.  • All of them must return to water in order to reproduce because their eggs would dry out otherwise.  • They start life with gills, like fish, and later develop lungs to breathe air. • Ectothermic (cold-blooded; can’t regulate their body temp) • 3-chambered heart (right and left atria and a single ventricle)

  27. Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Reptilia • includes turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators • All of them have lungs to breathe on land and skin that does not need to be kept wet.  • They produce an amniotic  egg which usually has a calcium carbonate rich, leather hard shell that protects the embryo from drying out • Ectothermic (cold-blooded; can’t regulate their body temp) • 3-chambered heart (2 atria and 1 partially divided ventricle)

  28. Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Aves •  includes all the birds.  • produce amniotic eggsbut usually give them greater protection from predators by laying them high off of the ground or in other relatively inaccessible locations.   • Have hollow bones • Scaly legs and feathers • endothermic  (warm blooded, regulate their own body temp) • 4-chambered heart

  29. Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata,Class Mammalia • Give birth to live young • Placental mammals: bears, humans • Marsupials: kangaroos • Monotremes: exceptions to live birth: platypus and echidnas • Feed their young with milk produced by their mammary glands.  • Mammals are heterodonts  with strong jaws. Which means they have a variety of specialized teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars). 

  30. Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Mammalia (cont) • Are endothermic , or warm blooded. • true hair covering at least part of their body. • Mammals have three bones in the middle ear. (the hammer, anvil and stirrup)—are unique to mammals, no other animal group has them. • Four-chambered heart

  31. Kingdom Matrix Motile Archae Motile Bacteria Eukarya Both Both Eukarya Eukarya Non-Motile Motile Eukarya

  32. Dichotomous Keys • Always start at #1 and work your way through the key until you find the scientific name of the organism • When creating a key, start with a question/characteristic that will split your group most effectively. For example, when looking at a group of plants an animals, you might start your key with: ….autotroph …heterotroph When looking at a group of mammals and insects, you might start with vertebrate/invertebrate

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