Gerrit C. van der Veer Vrije Universiteit, Informatiekunde: Multimedia en Cultuur

1. Scenario Designeen praktische methode voor het ontwerpen van snelle representaties van de toekomst: envisioning design and feasibility study Gerrit C. van der Veer Vrije Universiteit, Informatiekunde: Multimedia en Cultuur

2. Scenarios and culture 1. high level scenarios • are suitable for situations where the main problem is the difference in cultures between the “current” situation and the envisioned context of use. • cultural aspects can be represented in: • goals, values and needs of users in the future situation • norms, habits, “fashion” 2. low level scenarios • will be applied in later iterations of technology design process • cultural aspects mostly represented in: • cultural symbols in the interface • details of the context

3. Scenarios - tool for envisioning new technology in use Scenarios are “informal narrative descriptions” of people using technology in a culture and context of use A well specified and sufficiently detailed description of individual instances of events, artefacts, procedures, situations • described in full context of use • from the point of view of actors (users, not the client of design) • proposed as envisioning, not as finished design document

4. methodology to design for new cultures of use Step 1: build a conceptual model of the new technology • which changes to current practice does the design approach • which (types of ) tasks may be delegated to new technology or performed with the help of technology • the cultural context (especially in high level scenarios): how will these tasks affect the culture of use (other roles, other value systems, other business processes)

5. Step 2: develop one or more scenarios two points of view (foci): actor (user): the “audience”, or “personas” (Cooper, 2000) • goals and values in relation to use of the system (meanings assigned to the technology) • meanings of the system’s representations and dialogue (low-level scenarios) situation • needs and motives to use the proposed functionality • allow the prospective user to imagine the actual situation

6. Step 3: confront the prospective users and other stakeholders with the scenarios and analyze the reactions mental models of prospective users as initiated by the scenario (in users’ mental models cultural aspects are reflected) claim analysis • what is different from the current situation? • what was the goal for this feature - is this goal reached? • what are side effects and their valence (+ / -)? claims analysis participants: designers of relevant disciplines, client, prospective users, sceptical users and stakeholders

7. Step 4: feedback the results to the conceptual model Corrective feedback: • the conceptual model is not understood as intended. • would the design be needed, acceptable, in the envisioned culture of use. • discovered in a very early state where not too much design effort is spend on dead ends. Creative feedback: • end users and stakeholders interpret (project) their imagination and develop new ideas about the conceptual model • an early and rich source for refinement and re-design.

8. Claims of envisioning: task level: co-ordination; communication; efficiency; organisational simplicity functionality: representation of information; speed and availability interaction: dialogue styles; flexibility technology: efficiency of available technology In search of opinions of prospective users on usability: learnability, ease of use, affect Example of high-level scenario with multiple personas -SUN Starfire

9. Example low level scenario(Xerox, CHI’98 short video) Digital Ink (DI) a “universal” communication device scenario with “persona” details of dialogue

10. “I discover a small garden yesterday, it was warm and dry and there was almost nobody around. And it was really the most relaxing place I had been to in months…”

11. “So I sat down, I did some writing and drawing and thinking that it was months that I communicated with my friends’ back home… I decided that I should send them some of my garden sketches by e-mail.” record

12. “So, in order to send the e-mails: I pressed the mode button on the side of the DI.” record

13. “That changes the mode from record my drawing and hand writing... To command mode which allows me to tell DI what I wanted to do next.” command record

14. “In this case I wanted to send e-mails to my friends so I simply write: the word send followed by their e-mail addresses. The “->” terminates the command and sends the message Once the send command has been written and read, the screen displays the progress of the command Now my sketches are on their computers.” sending Send to luisa@vu.nl-> Send to pepe@vu.nl->

15. Scenario based envisioning: voorbeeld van een “quick and dirty” techniek domein: specialistische bibliotheken en verzameingen, voorbeeld situatie: Mozarteum Salzburg, depot “oude drukken” doelgroep: geregistreerde musicologen (met vergelijkbare rechten in alle internationaal aangesloten instituten) Ontwerpvraag: welke technologie kan toegang snel en acceptabel regelen? En hoe zal de taakwereld er dan uitzien We overwegen drie opties: 1. persoonlijk pocket device, wereldwijd bruikbaar 2. automatische registratiezuil in de hal voor geregistreerden 3. “smart” sieraad dat contact maakt met registratie-desk

16. Scenario 1: Pocket device International Musicologist Pass display gebied “zachte”knoppen tactiele sensoren

17. M(usicoloog) wil gereserveerde oude druk bestuderen • Condities: • M heeft oude druk gereserveerd • M is nog niet in het instituut ingeschreven • M is in de buurt van de ingang • M activeert de Pass International Musicologist Pass Geef je keuze aan locale bibliotheek functies overige

18. International Musicologist Pass Welkom bij Morzarteum Salzburg toegang tot reservering check reservering cancel reservering

19. International Musicologist Pass Geef vingerafdruk voor identificatie

20. International Musicologist Pass Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer 23

21. International Musicologist Pass Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer 23

22. International Musicologist Pass Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer 23

23. International Musicologist Pass Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer 23

24. International Musicologist Pass Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, La Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer 23

25. International Musicologist Pass Dit device is nu je kamersleutel 23

26. International Musicologist Pass Dit device is nu je kamersleutel

27. M is nu ingeschreven en “binnen”. Stel, M kiest nu locale bibliotheek functies .... International Musicologist Pass Geef je keuze aan locale bibliotheek functies overige

28. International Musicologist Pass Geef je keuze aan bestudering beëindigen nieuwe reservering extra info op beeldscherm

29. Scenario 2: Automatische registratiezuil een of meer van deze in de ingangshal

30. Details frontpaneel scherm Mozarteum Salzburg printer tactiele sensoren

31. Default systeem toestand Only for members Int. Music. Association If you made a reservation for the library: please, provide fingerprint for identification Mozarteum Salzburg

32. Condities: M is geregistreerd, boek is gereserveerd. Welkom bij de originele oude drukken afdeling van het Mozarteum Salzburg. Geef je keuze aan Mozarteum Salzburg toegang tot reservering check reservering cancel reservering

33. Condities: M is geregistreerd, boek is gereserveerd. Het kamernummer en de details van de reservering staan aan de achterkant van de print. De deur gaat open door het paneel naast de deur met de wijsvinger aan te raken. Veel succes met de studie. Mozarteum Salzburg

34. Scenario 3: “smart” sieraad (dit is een sier-speldje) Het sieraad communiceert met de computer op de balie, zodra de afstand minder is dan 1 meter

35. Beeldscherm op de balie, wordt uitgelezen door baliemederwerker B (een ander soort gebruiker dan Musicoloog M)

36. M met speld nadert de balie Dass ist Dr. Gerrit C. van der Veer, Ruffname “Gerrit” - Er ist nog nicht eingeschrieben Bevorzugte Sprachen: 1. Niederlandisch; 2. English; 3. Deutsch Reservierung: Mozart, La Nozze, B&H, 1812 Identifizierung OK? Y/N

37. B heeft bezoeker geïdentificeerd: Gerrit’s Reservierung liegt bereit in Zimmer 23, bis 17:00 Uhr Er ist nie vorherr im Mozarteum gewesen. Bitte zeig ihm die Aufzug. Sag ihm dass die Tür automatisch öffnet. “return” wenn fertig

38. huiswerk In groepen van 3(4): • werk uit een scenario voor de situatie dat M klaar is met de studie, wil vertrekken en een electronische copie bestellen van pag. 3-10 en 12 van de bestudeerde bron (naar email adres) • voor scenario 1, 2, resp 3

39. Scenario Based Design in practice Dutch tax office: before embarking on full prototype, scenarios are developed and walked through with future users Philips Austria design company Seibersdorf develops a Critical Safety System (CSS), Clients: Austrian banks, railways, power plants example of a scenario envisioning:

40. The current CSS display: too much messages, sorted by time, that scroll off the screen

41. Information wall: operators were not convinced, “too sophisticated”

42. Building layout represented, messages sorted by type (+), but only fire alarms can be seen (-)

43. No layout, messages sorted by type: fire., intrusion, elevators …, each sorted by priority

44. Conclusion • understanding of future technology, organisation, and procedures needs to be based on insight in mental models as well as culture and context of use • Scenarios provide an early way to represent envisioning and allow “cheap” assessment of stakeholder understanding and acceptance