Pests & Diseases

1. Pests & Diseases

2. Insects - Anatomy • Insects • Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs or six legs. • The three body regions are…. • Head • Thorax • Abdomen

3. Parts of the Insect

4. Life Cycle of Insects • Complete metamorphosis • Egg • Larva • Worm • Caterpillar • Pupa • Adult • Flies • Beetles

5. Life Cycle of Insects • Incomplete metamorphosis • Egg • Nymph • Adult

6. Chewing Insects • Beetle • Eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts.

7. Chewing Insects • Cutworms • Usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts.

8. Chewing Insects • Caterpillars • Larva of moths and butterflies and are fuzzy or hairy. • Eat young leaves and stems. • Roll up in leaves making the leaves curl.

9. Grasshoppers Eat all parts of plants. Chewing Insects

10. Sucking Insects • Aphids • Pierce & suck juices. • Known as plant lice. • Cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves. • Causes sticky substance and black mold which attracts ants.

11. Sucking Insects • Mealybugs • Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils. • Causes yellow appearance and sticky secretions.

12. Sucking Insects • Whiteflies • Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing. • They will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken.

13. Plant Diseases

14. A plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent. What is a Disease???

15. Conditions Needed for a Disease • Three conditions are necessary for a disease in a plant. • Host plant • Disease causing organism or pathogen must be present. • Favorable environment for disease organism to develop.

16. The Disease Triangle

17. FUNGI What Causes a Disease?? • The groups of pathogens are…. • Bacteria • Fungi • Viruses • Parasitic plants • Mistletoe • Dodder • Lichens

18. MISTLETOE DODDER LICHENS Parasitic Plants

19. Controlling Diseases • Warm temperatures and moist conditions in greenhouse plant production make most horticulture plant diseases worse because…. • Environmental conditions that support disease-causing pathogens. • Preventing plant diseases is better than treating the diseases. • Plant diseases must be identified before they can be treated.

20. Plant Diseases – Blight • Cause plants to quickly turn brown as if they had been burned.

21. Plant Diseases – Canker • Causes open wounds on woody plant stems.

22. Plant Diseases – Damping Off • A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at the soil level.

23. Round swellings or growths on plants. Plant Diseases – Galls

24. Plant Diseases – Leaf Spots • Rings of different shades of brown, green, or yellow that make spots on leaves.

25. Plant Diseases – Mildew • Grows on leaf surfaces (both upper & lower) as white, gray or purple spots.

26. Plant Diseases – Mosaic • Caused by viruses that make the leaves have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark green to light green to yellow to white.

27. Plant Diseases – Rot • Causes plants to decay & die.

28. Plant Diseases – Rust • Causes small spots on leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underneath side of leaves.

29. Plant Diseases – Smut • A black powdery disease that causes blisters that burst open releasing black spores.

30. Plant Diseases – Wilts • Disease that blocks the uptake of water in plants stems causing it to wilt.