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Chapter 30: Urinary System

Urinary System :. (‘Excretory System’). Maintains homeostatic conditions within body fluids. Chapter 30: Urinary System. Flame Cells :. Bulbous, ciliated cells; collect waste from body fluids. Tube Network:. Convey waste to external pores. (Figure 30.1).

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Chapter 30: Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System: (‘Excretory System’) Maintains homeostatic conditions within body fluids Chapter 30: Urinary System

  2. Flame Cells: • Bulbous, ciliated cells; collect • waste from body fluids • Tube Network: • Convey waste to external • pores (Figure 30.1) Chapter 30: Urinary System Types of Animal Excretory Systems: 1) Protonephridia(e.g. flatworms): • Fluid moves via beating • cilia

  3. (Figure 30.2) Chapter 30: Urinary System Types of Animal Excretory Systems: 2) Nephridia(e.g. earthworms, mollusks): • Nephrostome: Funnel-shaped openings to body cavity; collect fluids • Fluids pass into tube • (movement = cilia) • Nutrients / ions reabsorbed • from tube into blood • Waste (urine) expelled • via excretory pores

  4. (Figure 30.3) Chapter 30: Urinary System Human Urinary System: The human urinary system ain’t just for pee’n... Homeostatic Functions: 1) Maintain water balance 2) Regulate [ion] (Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl-) 3) Maintain blood pH 4) Maintain blood pressure and [O2] in blood 5) Eliminate cellular waste (e.g. urea) Urea = Product of amino acid metabolism Uric Acid: Secreted by animals in xeric (dry) conditions (birds/reptiles)

  5. Chapter 30: Urinary System (Figure 30.4) Human Urinary System: • 1) Kidneys • Filter blood • Reabsorb nutrients • 2) Ureters • Transport urine away • from kidney • Movement via paristalsis • 3) Bladder • Stores urine • Maximum capacity ~ 1 L 3) Urethra • Transport urine from • bladder to outside body • Internal sphincter (invol.) • External sphincter (vol.)

  6. Nephron: Functional unit of the kidney Chapter 30: Urinary System Gross Anatomy of the Kidney: • 1/4 of cardiac output • delivered to kidneys • (1.25 L/min) • 1 million / kidney

  7. Chapter 30: Urinary System Nephron Anatomy: • 1) Glomerulus: • Capillary bed • 2) Bowman’s Capsule: • Collects fluids from blood • 3) Tubule: • Conducting tube • (a) Proximal Tubule • (b) Loop of Henle • (c) Distal Tubule • (d) Collecting Duct (Figure 30.6)

  8. Chapter 30: Urinary System Nephron Physiology: 1) Filtration: • Movement of materials • glomerulus  Bowman’s capsule • Ions, nutrients, waste, water • Filtrate = Filtered fluids • 2) Tubular Reabsorption: • Water / nutrients returned to blood • Proximal Tubule / Loop of Henle • Active Transport (nutrients / ions) • Osmosis (water) 3) Tubular Secretion: • Wastes / excess substances • move from blood to filtrate (e.g. drugs, H+) • Distal Tubule • 4) Concentration: • Additional water removed (collecting ducts) (Figure 30.6)

  9. Chapter 30: Urinary System Summary of Nephron Physiology: (Figure 30.7)

  10. Chapter 30: Urinary System Urine: Waste and remaining water from nephron • 95% water / 5% solutes (ions, urea) • (1) Color / Transparency: • Dilute = Pale yellow / clear • Concentrated = Deep yellow (Urochrome) • (2) Odor: • Fresh = Slight odor • Old = Ammonia odor (bacteria) • (3) pH: • Acidic (pH ~ 6)

  11. Chapters 30: Urinary System Micturition (urination)

  12. Ureter Internal urethral sphincter (invol.) Urogenital diaphragm External urethral sphincter (vol.) Chapters 26: Urinary System Micturition (urination) Bladder

  13. Chapters 26: Urinary System Micturition (urination)

  14. Chapters 26: Urinary System Micturition (urination)

  15. Chapters 26: Urinary System Micturition (urination)

  16. Sensory Input (spinal cord) (-) Chapters 26: Urinary System Micturition (urination) Stretch (~200 ml)

  17. (-) Chapters 26: Urinary System Brain Micturition (urination) Sensory Input (spinal cord) Stretch (~200 ml) (-)

  18. Chapters 26: Urinary System Brain Micturition (urination) Sensory Input (spinal cord) Stretch (~200 ml) Parasympathetic Efferent Output (pelvic splanchnic nerve) (-) (-)

  19. Nephron of Kidney (Figure 30.8) Chapter 30: Urinary System Homeostatic Functions of Kidney: (1) Eliminate waste (2) Balance [ion] (3) Maintain pH (4) Regulate water balance: • Collecting duct permeability variable • Impermeable = 22.5 L urine / day • Permeable = 1.5 L urine / day • Permeability controlled via hormones • Antidiuretic Hormone (Pituitary) • Increases permeability • Controlled via negative feedback

  20. Chapter 30: Urinary System Homeostatic Functions of Kidney: (1) Eliminate waste (2) Balance [ion] (3) Maintain pH Nephron of Kidney (4) Regulate water balance: (5a) Regulate blood pressure: • Low BP  Kidneys release renin • Catalyzes formation of angiotensin • Constricts arterioles (=  BP) (5b) Regulate [O2] in blood: • Low [O2]  Kidneys release erythropoietin ( RBCs)

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