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Faktor physik

Faktor physik. Heat stress. Iklim kerja : kombinasi dari suhu kering , suhu basah dan suhu radiasi Beban tambahan yang ditanggung pekerja saat bekerja. HOMEOTHERMIS. M + Kond + Konv + R – E= 0 M= metabolism Kond = konduksi Konv = konveksi R = radiasi E = evaporasi.

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Faktor physik

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  1. Faktorphysik

  2. Heat stress • Iklimkerja : kombinasidarisuhukering, suhubasahdansuhuradiasi • Bebantambahan yang ditanggungpekerjasaatbekerja

  3. HOMEOTHERMIS • M +Kond+Konv+ R – E= 0 • M= metabolism • Kond = konduksi • Konv = konveksi • R = radiasi • E = evaporasi

  4. HEAT (PANAS) • FACTOR YANG BERPERAN : • SUHU KERING • SUHU BASAH • SUHU RADIASI PARAMETER : INDEX SUHU BASAH BOLA (ISBB)- WET BULB GLOBE TEMPERATUR (WBGT) DALAM RUANG : ISBB = 0.7 SB + 0.3 SK DI LUAR : ISBB = 0.7 SB +0.1 SK +0.2 SR

  5. DAMPAK PANAS • KERINGAT • DEHIDRASI • MILIARIA • HEAT STROKE • HEAT CRAMPS • MALAISE

  6. PREVENTION • AKLIMATISASI • REKAYASA TEHNIK (PANAS  DINGIN) • VENTILASI (PENGATURAN ALIRAN UDARA) • AIR MINUM MINERAL

  7. COLD (DINGIN) DAMPAK: • HYPOTHERMI • FROSTBITE • GANGRENE

  8. PREVENTION • AKLIMATISASI • REKAYASA TEHNIK • ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI • ADMINISTRASI (JAM KERJA – SHIFT KERJA)

  9. Vibration (getaran) • Vibration merupakanosilasimekanikdarititiktertentu organ tubuh. Getaranbisamerusakkesehatanpadafrekuensi 2 – 1000 Hertz padajangkawaktu lama. • Getaranfrekuensirendah (2-100 Hz) padaseluruhtubuh (whole body vibration) sepertidikendaraantransportasi. • Padagergajimesin, mesinpemukul (pneumatic tool) bisabergetarpada 20 – 1000 Hz.

  10. Whole body vibration • Biasanya low frequency vibration (2 -100 Hz) • Perubahanpadastrukturtulang, gangguanpencernaan, kecepatankonduksisyaraf. • Dalamkendaraanmenimbulkan motion sickness

  11. Segmental vibration • Padafrekuensirendah (2 -40 Hz) • Pada pneumatic drill • Terjadidegenarisendikhususnyasikudanbahu • Padafrekuensi 40 -300 Hz sepertipenggunaangergajimesin, bisamenimbulkanRaynaud’s phenomenon

  12. Rekomendasi • Janganmenggunakan vibratory hand tool • Redesign tool denganmengurangi hand arm vibration • Perawatanekstrapadaalat vibratory hand tool. • Medical examination bilaadakeluhan rasa tebal, kedap, merah, nyeri • Upayakantangantetaphangatdalam glove. • Hilangkangetaranbilamungkin.

  13. Radiation • Ionizing radiation ( x ray, Gama) • Non ionizing radiation (ultraviolet, visible light, infra red, microwave/radiofrequency, laser radiation)

  14. Ionizing radiation • Electro magnetic : X-ray, Gamma ray • Particulate : electron, proton, neutron, alpha particle • Ionizing radiation munculpadasaat energy yang keluarpada atom mengalamidisintegrasidari element yang tidakstabilsecaraalamiahseperti uranium, thorium, radium

  15. Asal ionizing radiation • Sinar cosmic ; dariluarangkasa • Terrestrial radiation ; dariuranium,radium • Internal radiation; dari Carbon -14, Potassium-40

  16. Radiation injury • Stochastic effect; efek yang bervariasidlmfrekuensi, tapitidakparah/tinggidalamdosis. Contoh: efek mutagenic, carcinogenik, teratogenic • Non stochastic; bervariasidalam dose dankeparahan. Contoh: kuliterythema, cataract, infertility, haemopoesisdepresi. Non Stochastic ada threshold karenamemerlukandosistinggiuntukmembunuh sel. Keduaefekmenimbulkanperubahanpadatingkatsel (chromosome,)

  17. Non ionizing radiation • Electromagnetic spectrum yang menghasilkan photon • Tidakbisamengionisasi atom. • Contoh; microwave, televisi, radio, sinar yang terlihat, infra red, ultraviolet, LASER.

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