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What is DNA?

What is DNA?. Nucleic acids. inheritable molecule Example: D eoxyribo n ucleic A cid = DNA OR R ibo n ucleic A cid = RNA . Nucleotides. Nucleotides bind together to form nucleic acids (eg: DNA, RNA) Three components of a Nucleotide: Nitrogen base Sugar Phosphate.

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What is DNA?

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  1. What is DNA?

  2. Nucleic acids • inheritable molecule Example: Deoxyribonucleic Acid = DNA OR Ribonucleic Acid = RNA

  3. Nucleotides Nucleotides bind together to form nucleic acids (eg: DNA, RNA) Three components of a Nucleotide: • Nitrogen base • Sugar • Phosphate

  4. Two groups of nucleotides: 1. Purines – contain double-ring nitrogen bases Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) 2. Pyrimidines – contain single-ring nitrogen bases Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) RNA – Uracil rather than Thymine Types of Nucleotides N Purines Pyrimidines N

  5. SUGAR Pentose Sugar (5C) = RIBOSE DNA vs RNA Deoxyribo Ribo OH RIBOSE

  6. PHOSPHATE

  7. Nucleotide Nucleic Acid Sugar-Phosphate backbone Stringing together DNA

  8. BIG PICTURE

  9. Structure of DNA DNA – double helix • Two strands coiled together

  10. Complementary Pairs Nitrogen bases of nucleotides match up and bind with each other PAIRS: Purine - Pyrimidine Adenine – Thymine Guanine – Cytosine Bind together with Hydrogen bonds • 3 H-bonds between C-G • 2 H-bonds between A-T

  11. Function of DNA Blueprint of all living things • Directs growth and development through the production of proteins • Contains the genetic code (genes)

  12. Protein Synthesis • Proteins are made up of 20 different amino acids linked together in certain order • The genetic code (DNA) determines how the amino acids are strung together to make different proteins • The sequence of nucleotides (eg: ATG) determines the sequence of amino acids • Three nucleotides code for one amino acid (called a codon) (eg: AUG = methionine) refer to textbook pg 194

  13. Transcription (within the nucleus) DNA is converted to RNA (T's changed to U's) Translation (in the cytoplasm by the ribosomes) - RNA is converted to amino acids and then strung together to make proteins How Proteins are made?

  14. Nucleotide Nucleic Acid Sugar-Phosphate backbone Review of DNA structure

  15. Structure of DNA DNA – double helix • Two strands coiled together

  16. DNA Replication Since cells replicate, DNA must as well

  17. How? DNA Polymerase • Specific enzyme that splits double stranded DNA and adds complement nucleotides to each strand

  18. DNA Replication Daughter DNA Parent DNA

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