Male Reproductive System Overview

1. CHAPTER 16 Male Reproductive System

2. Male Reproductive System Overview • Functions of male reproductive system • Produce, sustain, and transport sperm • Propel sperm during sexual intercourse • Copulation • Produce testosterone

3. Male Reproductive Primary Organs • Testes or testicles = male gonads • Small ovoid glands • Responsible for production of sperm • Seminiferous tubules • Responsible for secretion of testosterone

4. Male Reproductive Primary Organs • Scrotum • Sac located posterior to the penis • Suspended from the perineum • Houses the testicles

5. Male Reproductive Accessory Organs • Epididymis • Tightly coiled tubule that resembles a comma • Sperm mature in the epididymis, becoming fertile and motile • Mature sperm are stored in lower portion of epididymis

6. Male Reproductive Accessory Organs • Vas deferens • Also called the ductus deferens • Straight tube continuous with the epididymis • Enlarges to form a sac-like dilation (ampulla) near prostate gland • Merges with the seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

7. Male Reproductive Accessory Organs • Seminal vesicles • Secrete a thick, yellowish fluid known as seminal fluid • Constitutes a large part of the volume of semen

8. Male Reproductive Accessory Organs • Prostate gland • Lies just below the urinary bladder • Surrounds the base of the urethra as it leaves the bladder • Transports thin, milky colored, alkaline secretions that enhance the motility of the sperm • Secretion also helps neutralize the secretions within the vagina • Muscular action of gland aids in expelling semen from the body

9. Male Reproductive Accessory Organs • Urethra • Serves both urinary system and male reproductive system • Transports urine from the bladder and semen when ejaculated to the outside of the body • Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) • Secrete alkaline, mucous-like fluid that provides lubrication during sexual intercourse

10. Male Reproductive Accessory Organs • Penis • Male organ of copulation • Tip of penis called the glans penis • Prepuce or foreskin • Retractable fold of skin that covers the glans penis • Urethra extends the length of the penis and ends as an opening at the tip of the glans penis • Opening is called the external urinary meatus

11. Male Reproductive System

12. Question Mature sperm are stored in the __________. • seminal vesicles • testes • epididymis • prostate

13. Answer c. Sperm are produced in the testes and then move to the epididymis.

14. Question True or False: There is a separate exit point out of the body for urine and semen.

15. Answer False. The urethra transports both.

16. Animation Click Here to Play Male Reproductive Animation

17. Animation Click Here to Play Sperm Formation Animation

18. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Male Reproductive System

19. Anorchism • Pronounced • (an-OR-kizm) • Defined • Absence of one or both testicles

20. Balanitis • Pronounced • (bal-ah-NYE-tis) • Defined • Inflammation of glans penis and mucous membrane beneath it

21. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy • Pronounced • (bee-NINE pross-TAT-ik high-PER-troh-fee) • Defined • Benign enlargement of prostate gland • Creates pressure on upper part of urethra or neck of the bladder, causing obstruction of flow of urine

22. Carcinoma of the Prostate • Pronounced • (kar-sin-OH-mah of the PROSS-tayt) • Defined • Malignant growth within prostate gland • Creates pressure on upper part of urethra

23. Carcinoma of the Testes • Pronounced • (kar-sin-OH-mah of the TESS-teez) • Defined • Malignant tumor of testicle that appears as a painless lump • Also called testicular cancer

24. Question True or False: Anorchism means condition of being without a testicle.

25. Answer True. An- means without and orchi- means testicle. It could be one or both testicles.

26. Cryptorchidism • Pronounced • (kript-OR-kid-izm) • Defined • Condition of undescended testicle(s) • Absence of one or both testicles from scrotum

27. Epispadias • Pronounced • (ep-ih-SPAY-dee-as) • Defined • Congenital defect in which urethra opens on the upper side of the penis at some point near the glans

28. Epispadias

29. Hydrocele • Pronounced • (HIGH-droh-seel) • Defined • Accumulation of fluid in any sac-like cavity or duct • Particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord

30. Hypospadias • Pronounced • (high-poh-SPAY-dee-as) • Defined • Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the end

31. Hypospadias

32. Impotence • Pronounced • (IM-poh-tens) • Defined • Inability of a male to achieve or sustain an erection of the penis

33. Question ____________ is a congenital defect in which the urethral opening is on the upper side of the penis. • Hypospadias • Impotence • Epispadias • Hydrocele

34. Answer c. Epi- means upon or over.

35. Inguinal Hernia • Pronounced • (ING-gwih-nal HER-nee-ah) • Defined • Protrusion of a part of the intestine through a weakened spot in the muscles and membranes of inguinal region of the abdomen • Intestine pushes into, and sometimes fills, the entire scrotal sac in the male

36. Orchitis • Pronounced • (or-KIGH-tis) • Defined • Inflammation of the testes due to a virus, bacterial infection, or injury • Condition may affect one or both testes • Typically results from the mumps virus

37. Phimosis • Pronounced • (fih-MOH-sis) • Defined • Tightness of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis that prevents it from being pulled back • Opening of the foreskin narrows due to the tightness and may cause some difficulty with urination

38. Premature Ejaculation • Pronounced • (premature ee-jak-yoo-LAY-shun) • Defined • Discharge of seminal fluid prior to complete erection of the penis or immediately after the penis has been introduced into the vaginal canal

39. Prostatitis • Pronounced • (pross-tah-TYE-tis) • Defined • Inflammation of the prostate gland • May be acute or chronic • May be due to bacterial invasion

40. Varicocele • Pronounced • (VAIR-ih-koh-seel) • Defined • Abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord leading to the testicle

41. Question If this condition is reducible, surgery is elective. However, if bowel becomes strangulated, surgery is emergent. • varicocele • phimosis • inguinal hernia • hydrocele

42. Answer c. Reducible means the bowel can be pushed back into the abdomen.

43. Question True or False: A varicocele could potentially lower a male's sperm count.

44. Answer True. The increased vascular volume generates more heat, which can slow sperm production.

45. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES Male and Female

46. AIDS • Pronounced • (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

47. AIDS • Defined • Deadly virus that destroys the body’s immune system by invading the helper T lymphocytes (T cells) • T cells play an important part in the body’s immune response • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replicates itself within the T cells, destroys the lymphocyte, and then invades other lymphocytes

48. Chlamydia • Pronounced • (klah-MID-ee-ah) • Defined • Sexually transmitted bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the cervix in women and inflammation of the urethra and the epididymis in men

49. Genital Herpes • Pronounced • (JEN-ih-tal HER-peez) • Defined • Highly contagious viral infection of the male and female genitalia, caused by herpes simplex virus (usually HSV-2) • Also known as venereal herpes • Differs from other sexually transmitted diseases in that it can recur spontaneously once the virus has been acquired

50. Genital Warts • Pronounced • (JEN-ih-tal warts) • Defined • Small, cauliflower-like, fleshy growths usually seen along the penis in the male and in or near the vagina in women • Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) • Transmitted from person to person through sexual intercourse