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Sounds and Waves

Sounds and Waves. By applying  the mathematical formula SWBAT to evaluate the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media using the following equations : T = 1/f f=1/T V= λ f Performance Expectations :

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Sounds and Waves

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  1. Sounds and Waves

  2. By applying  the mathematical formula SWBAT to evaluate the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media using the following equations : T = 1/f f=1/T V= λf Performance Expectations : • I can use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength and the speed of waves traveling in various media . T = 1/f f=1/T V= λf • Learning Targets : • I can analyze and describe the motion of mechanical waves through various media using a Pendulum and Spring Mass Systems . I will be able to know the effect of the length of the pendulum and mass on springs to its vibration measured by the system’s period and frequency.

  3. Why Can’t we see Sounds?

  4. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION PROPERTIES OF WAVES WAVE INTERFERENCE SOUND WAVES WAVES

  5. Telephone TEST Design An Experiment Purpose : What is the correlation of length of string to speed of sound and clarity of sound? What is the correlation of type of materials to speed of sound and clarity of sound ? How does sound travel ? Materials : 6 sets of can telephone strings of different length yarn copper wire aluminum wire meter stick stop watch

  6. Diagram: Measurement : length of the transmission line elapsed time of transmission- average time speed of sound clarity of sound ( 3- clear , 2- sounds like, 1 unclear, 0- no sound)- average clarity Equation : average time speed average clarity

  7. Errors : time measurement volume of sound length of words – the same length of words for each telephone stretch enough the line Graphs : 4 graphs : speed VS length of string- line graph /linear equation speed VS type of materials – bar graph clarity VS type of materials – bar graph clarity VS length of string – line graph/ Linear equation

  8. Post Lab Discussion 1. What is the fastest speed recorded? 2.What is the best length of string that provides the fastest speed? 3.What is the best clarity ave of sound recorded? 4.What is the best length of string that provides the best clarity ave? 5.What is 2.5 m material provides the fastest speed? 6.What 2.5 m material provides the best clarity ? 7.What is the mathematical correlation of length to the speed of sound and length to the clarity of sound ? 8.What are some sources of errors? 9. What will be your recommendation / suggestions in the future in doing this experiment again ? 10.How does sound transmits ?

  9. Notes: Vibrations, Waves,Oscillations,Sounds, Electromagnetic Waves, Light

  10. SOUND Discussion College Physics ; Chapter 14 p 478-482 14.1 – X partner p 478 -480 14.2 – Y Partner p480-485 Sound PPT

  11. If a tree falls in the forest and no one is around to hear it does it make a sound? Check THIS out Sound Waves What causes sound? vibrations in the air from voices or objects create sound

  12. Sound Waves are produced when vibrations from an object (like a speaker) collide with molecules in the air and pass energy to them.Sound waves are compressional waves

  13. Sound waves can travel through other mediums, like water. They cannot travel through empty space. If a person screams in empty space, do they make a sound?

  14. Speed of Sound Depends on......... 1.  Medium (gas, liquid, types of solids) 2.  Temperature - sound travels faster through warm air

  15. Is hearing and listening the same thing? How we hear sounds: 1.  Compressional waves enter ear 2.  Eardrum transfers waves to 3 tiny bones - all serve to AMPLIFY the sound 3.  Waves are converted to nerve impulses by the cochlea 4.  Brain decodes and interprets that information

  16. Anatomy Attack! Can you name the parts of the ear  (# 4, 6, 7, 9 )?

  17. What is INTENSITY? = amount of energy that flows through a certain area, we perceive it as loudness                  Intensity decreases with distance Decibel Scale  (dB)  - measures sound intensity Sounds over 120 dB may cause pain and hearing damage

  18. Pitch is related to frequency of sound waves                    do, re , mi, fa, so, la, ti, do Compare a high pitch to a low pitch: http://www.flashmusicgames.com/

  19. A healthy human ear can hear at frequencies                                                 from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz As you grow older, hairs in your cochlea become damaged, which results in hearing loss.    The mosquito ring tone capitalizes on this by providing teenagers a ring that adults cannot hear. Test it at   http://www.jimmyr.com/blog/hearingloss.html

  20. Analyzing Charts What is the frequency (HZ) and Decibel (dB) level of a crying baby?   _________ A vacuum? _______ A motorcycle? ______ A telephone? ______ A water faucet? _____ A dog bark? _______

  21. Most people can't hear sound above 20,000 Hz                   - these are called ultrasonic waves Subsonic waves have frequencies below 20 Hz  You might not hear them, but you can feel them "rumble" How do dog whistles work? Dogs can hear up to 35,000 Hz.   This is beyond the range of human hearing Test it at http://www.jimmyr.com/blog/hearingloss.html

  22. 1.  Which 2 animals have the largest hearing range? ______________2.  Which animal can hear the highest frequency sounds? ______3.  What range of hearing does a fish have? __________4.  Which animal has the smallest range of hearing? _______5.  The range of a rodent's hearing is similar to that of a __________

  23. ULTRASONIC WAVES  - frequencies above 20,000 Hz SUBSONIC WAVES - frequencies below 20 Hz Ultrasonic Liposuction?  New fad or does it work? Advertisement .... Thanks to ultrasonic waves (approximately 40 kHz) excess fat pockets are removed without any bleeding or pain. The ultrasonic  waves cause the release of water from the fatty storage areas....... Discuss.....

  24. Sonic boom created as this jet breaks the sound barrier. A sonic boom is the sound associated with the shock waves created by an object traveling through the air faster than the speed of sound.  Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding much like an explosion. 

  25. Youtube Video on Sonic Boom Mythbusters Sonic Boom  ~10 minutes 1.  Light travels  [ faster / slower ] than sound.2.  Supersonic travel breaks the [ light / sound ] barrier. 3.  The shockwave begins at the [ wing / nose ] of the jet.4.  Humans can produce a sonic boom using a [ whip / horn ].

  26. What is the Doppler Effect Moving objects that have sound change pitch depending on their direction and speed - this is called the Doppler Effect Doppler Effect Video  1.  The Doppler Effect occurs when a source of sound or light       [ moves / changes frequency ].2.  The high pitch sound of a car horn turns into a       [ low / higher ] pitch when the car passes. 3.  The  [ blue / red ] shift is evidence the universe is expanding.

  27. What is Music?Sounds produced in a deliberate patternInstruments produce sounds of different frequencies. Itunes top 10?    Guess what songs are on the list this week? *Check Your Guesses Here

  28. Frequencies of guitar strings depend on thickness, length and how tightly it's stretched.Sound is amplified by resonance, instruments have a component that make the sound louder

  29. Types of Instruments 1.  Strings        violin, cello, guitar Strings produce notes, hollow chamber (resonater) amplifies sound Stretching the strings changes the pitch - something you can try with a rubber band

  30. 2.  Brass and Woodwinds     Examples:  flute, trumpets, clarinets A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument where player blows air against a sharp edge or through a reed, causing the air within its resonator to vibrate.  Most are made of wood, but can also be made of brass or other metals.  What is this instrument? saxophone

  31. 3.  Percussion shaken or struck to produce air vibrations Examples:           drums, triangles See Drum Kit wiki for samples of drum beats. Drum Line Video What is this instrument? xylophone

  32. How Well Do You Know Instruments? TRUMPET BONGOS TUBA FLUTE

  33. What is Acoustics ?            the study of sound The design of concert halls can change the way music sounds due to reflection and absorption of sound waves A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an acoustical engineer.

  34. What is Audiology?          =  the study of hearing An audiologist is a health-care professional specializing in diagnosing and treating and monitoring disorders of the auditory a system portions of the ear.  These disorders may cause hearing and balance problems/ Audiologists can dispense hearing aids and recommend and  cochlear implants.

  35. What is Echolocation? animals use sound to identify and track prey and navigate environment Bats and Dolphins use echolocation  What does "NAVIGATE" mean?

  36. What is Ultrasound Imaging?Ultrasound waves are directed at a body, the waves reflect off organs and produce signals that are sent to a monitor. The monitor produces an imageThe image produced is called a SONOGRAM

  37. What is an Ultrasound Technician ? also called Diagnostic Medical Sonographer work in  laboratories or hospitals where they capture the images of the inside of a human body Many schools offer 1-2 year programs to earn your degree. Average Salary is $60,000 per year, that's about $30.00 per hour.    See Ultrasound Technician for more info

  38. Using cornstarch and the right frequency of sound - you can make a......  CORN STARCH MONSTER

  39. QUIZ TIME! Name of Quiz:  Sound

  40. 1. Sound travels faster in [ warm / cold ] air. 2.  The bones of the ear serve to ______________ the sound. 3.  Sound moves through air by colliding with                                              [ molecules / energy ].    4.  Sound moving through air is a                   [ transverse / compressional ] wave. 5. Sound intensity is measured in ____________ 6.  Sounds waves with frequencies below 20 Hz are called [ ultrasonic / subsonic ]

  41. 7.  Name an organism that uses echolocation: ___________ 8.  The image produced by an ultrasound is called a __________________________ 9.  What do you call a person who diagnoses and treats hearing problems? ____________________ 10.  Give one example of a percussion instrument.

  42. Go back to Chapter 9 Waves- 1 ppt

  43. Waves

  44. What is a wave? •  - a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space • Examples: • ocean waves • light • sound

  45. Waves travel through matter - this is called the MEDIUM Mediums can be - solid  (earth) - liquid (water) - gas  (air) Light and radio waves travel through space and do not need a medium.

  46. Movie Trivia.  Each of these has something to do with waves 1.  This movie from 1991 stars Keanu Reeves and Patrick Swayze as a pair of surfers who also rob banks. 2.  In 1998, a meteor hits the earth and creates a huge wave.  The tagline for this movie was "The coast is toast."

  47. Transverse Waves - medium moves at a right angle to the direction of the wave (like in the ocean) Compression waves - medium moves along the same direction as the wave, visualize a coiled spring.

  48. Sound waves are compressional waves caused by air molecules vibrating, like when a door slamsSound waves can also travel through other mediums, like earth and water

  49. You can use a Slinky to get a good idea of how compressional waves, such as sound, move. Stretch a Slinky out and then give one end a good strong knock or jiggle. This will push the coils near your hand into the ones next to them, which will be pushed into the next and the next and so on, all the way to the other end. At the other end, the compression will rebound and move back in the other direction. Thus a "compression" moves back and forth. RAREFACTION = area of wave where it is less compressed

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