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Organic Chemistry: Functional groups

Organic Chemistry: Functional groups . Introduction to Organic Compounds . Activity : Look at the materials that are set up in front of the class. Which material are organic and which are inorganic? How do you know?. What is organic chemistry?.

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Organic Chemistry: Functional groups

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  1. Organic Chemistry: Functional groups

  2. Introduction to Organic Compounds • Activity: Look at the materials that are set up in front of the class. • Which material are organic and which are inorganic? • How do you know?

  3. What is organic chemistry? • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds. • Over 80 % of all chemicals we know today are organic. These include: • PlasticsFuels • WaxesNylon Proteins Sugars

  4. Origin of organic compounds • Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels • All of these have a plant origin • All of these rely on the “fixing” of C from CO2 • Synthetic organic compounds are derived from fossil fuels or plant material

  5. Organic Chemistry • Most current research focuses on Organic • Originally from “organic” meaning life • Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon • Exceptions: • oxides of carbon (CO2, CO)‏ • carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3)‏ • cyanides (NaCN, etc. One C with no H, or with metal

  6. C C C C C Why do we have so many organic compounds? • Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements 2. Carbon can form single, double and triple bonds with itself This allows carbon to form long chains of atoms that are stable under temperature and pressure.

  7. Why do we have so many organic compounds? 3. Carbon atoms can bond together to form a variety of structures. These structures include straight chains, branched chains, rings, sheets, tubes and spheres that no other atom can form.

  8. Functional groups • Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features • About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10 • Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds since it helps explain solubility, melting & boiling pointsof the compounds • E.g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons • Made up of only C and H • Not really a functional “group” • Further divided into: • Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics

  9. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES - alcohols - ethers - esters - amines - carboxylic acids HYDROCARBONS ALIPHATIC AROMATIC e.g. benzene CYCLIC - Rings ACYCLIC -Straightchains ALKANES all C-C single bonds ALKENES at least 1 C=C double bond ALKYNES at least 1 CC triple bond CYCLOALKANES all C-C single bonds CYCLOALKENES at least 1 C=C double bond

  10. C C C C C C Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics

  11. Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl • There are other names that describe patterns of atoms that are parts of functional groups.

  12. Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl Q: Which organic compounds contain a hydroxyl group? A carbonyl group? A carboxyl group? • Hydroxyl: alcohols, carboxylic acids • Carbonyl: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters. • Carboxyl: carboxylic acids • Amino : amines and amides • Note that properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups

  13. Classwork • Work on Practice questions #1-4 on page 10. • HOMEWORK: • Read CH#1.1 and answer Quest.# 1-3 on page 10.

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