Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

1. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Revision 2, Dated 1 September 2004

2. WHY RFID?

3. AGENDA • RFID Description • DoD RFID Policy • Active Tags • Passive Tags • Tag data constructs • Contract Requirements • MIL-STD-129 • Pilot Programs

4. What is RFID? • RFID is an ADC (automatic data capture) technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track... • RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item

5. Basic Components • There are five basic components to make up an RFID System • One or more RF tags • Two or more antennas • One or more interrogators • One or more host computers • Appropriate software

6. RFID Operations Tag

7. RFID Tags Tags carry data and can be attached to: Items Shipping Containers Pallet Loads Transport containers – Seavans

8. Are All Tags The Same? Variations: • Memory • Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +) • Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM • Physical Dimensions • Thumbnail to Brick sizes • Incorporated within packaging • Price ($0.50 to $150)

9. RFID Tag Categories • Active Tags • Powered by an internal battery • Read/write—tag data can be rewritten or modified • Longer read range • Greater cost and size; limited operational life • Passive Tags • Obtain operating power from the reader • Read-only tags; programmed with a unique set of data that cannot be modified or can also be Read/write • Lightweight, smaller, less expensive, virtually unlimited lifetime • Shorter read ranges, which require a higher powered reader

10. DoD’s intent for RFID implementation • Provide asset visibility support needed by warriors • Optimize supply chain by using tags to capture information hands-off at each node of the supply chain • Issue some specifications on tag placement, but suppliers will ultimately be responsible to ensure readability of tags

11. DOD RFID Policy—Active Tags • These rules apply to DoD cargo shipped outside the Continental United States (OCONUS) • Applied to all freight containers and 463L consolidated air pallets and major organizational equipment • Used for improving in transit and receipt visibility using data-rich RFID tags with content level detail (nomenclature, stock number…etc.) • Applied at the point of origin by all activities (including vendors and contractors) • It is the responsibility of the procuring Service/Agency to arrange for the vendor to apply active tags – either by: • Obtaining sufficient RFID equipment to provide the vendor or • Requiring the vendor to obtain necessary equipment to meet the DoD requirement as a term of the contract

12. DOD RFID Policy—Passive Tags • January 1, 2005 - Passive RFID tags on cases and pallets shipped to DoD receiving points at DD San Joaquin and DD Susquehanna for the following items: • Class I - Subsistence Limited to Packaged Operational Rations (POR) • Class II - Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, organizational tool sets and kits, hand tools, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment • Class VI - Personal demand items such as snack foods, beverages, cigarettes, soap, toothpaste, writing materiel, cameras, batteries, and other nonmilitary sale items • Class IX - Repair parts and components to include kits, assemblies and subassemblies (reparable or nonreparable) which are required for maintenance support of all equipment

13. DOD RFID Policy—Passive Tags • January 1, 2006 - Passive RFID tags on cases and pallets shipped to specified DoD receiving points, including all the Defense Distribution Depots, for the following items: • Class I - Subsistence and gratuitous health and comfort items • Class IIIP – Packaged petroleum fuels, lubricants, hydraulic and insulating oils, preservatives, liquid and gas, bulk chemical products, coolants, de-icer and antifreeze compounds, components and additives of petroleum and chemical products, and coal • Class IV - Construction materiel including installed equipment and all fortification and barrier materiel • Class V - Ammunition of all types (including chemical, radiological, and special weapons), bombs, explosives, mines, fuses, detonators, pyrotechnics, missiles, rockets, propellants, and other associated items • Class VII - Major end items such as launchers, tanks, mobile machine shops, and vehicles • Class VIII - Medical materiel, including repair parts peculiar to medical equipment

14. DOD RFID Policy—Passive Tags • January 1, 2007 - Passive RFID tags on all cases and pallets shipped to any DoD location for all commodities* and unit packs for items that require a Unique Identification (UID) * except items excluded under the bulk commodities definition

15. DOD RFID Policy—Passive Tags • Passive RFID technology is evolving… • EPCglobal published standards on EPC Class 0 and Class 1, V1 • Class 0 – read only • Class 1, V1 – write once, read many • Draft standards under development for “Generation 2” • DoD will accept the EPC data format or contractors can use the DoD tag data construct

16. Data Transmitted via RFID? • Serial number for the container or pallet • Shipper must submit an Advanced Shipment Notification (ASN) for each RFID shipment • ASN will identify a Serial Number for each case and/or pallet load containing an RFID tag • ASN will contain information about the item, case, or pallet load to be shipped, related to the Serial Number • ASN will be transmitted using WAWF • In 2007, Unique Identification (UID) number will also be identified for each unit pack.

17. Who Will Be Affected? ALL DoD suppliers of ALL material and goods purchased by the Department** • As a supplier to DoD, the policy impacts all businesses • The plan is to phase in the requirements over a three year period depending upon the class of material and the destination of the shipment • DoD will continue to partner with suppliers on this critical initiative • ** Excludes bulk commodities

18. DFAR Status • Submitted revised DFAR clause end of June to DPAP Office to begin DAR Council Review process • DFAR case uses the strategic imperative argument to seek an interim DFAR rule • DFAR clause will reference the MIL-STD 129 and the DoD RFID website for implementation details • Anticipate that interim rule will be published in October

19. DFAR Clause Details • Two Major Requirements for Suppliers • Passive Tagging at the case, pallet, UID item packaging level in accordance with the Implementation Plan • Advanced Shipment Notification (ASN) • Definitions of levels of tagging are included (in accordance with MIL-STD 129 Definitions) • Case – Shipping Container and/or Exterior Container • Pallet – Palletized Unit Load • UID Item Packaging – UID Unit Pack • Tag Data Standards • Tag Placement • DoD will publish a Supplier Guide that will detail requirements for compliance

20. January 1, 2005 Classes of Supply: • II, VI, IX, I (PORs/MREs) Level of Tagging: • Shipping Containers, Palletized Unit Loads, Exterior Containers Ship to locations: • San Joaquin, Susquehanna DoD’s Supplier Implementation Strategy January 1, 2006 43,000 DoD Manufacturers/Suppliers Classes of Supply: • Begin All Classes Level of Tagging: • Shipping Containers, Palletized Unit Loads, Exterior Containers Ship to locations: • Strategic CONUS DLA Depots, TRANSCOM Facilities & Service Maintenance Facilities DFAR – new contracts after 1 OCT 04 Classes of Supply Level of Tagging Ship to Locations January 1, 2007 Classes of Supply: • All Classes Level of Tagging: • Shipping Containers, Palletized Unit Loads, Exterior Containers, UID Item Unit Pack Ship to locations: • All Locations

21. Implementation Level of Tagging – January 1, 2005 - 2006 Palletized Unit Load Tag YES Pallet tag Shipping Container Exterior Container YES YES UID Item Unit Pack* NO *If the UID Packaging is also an External Container or a Shipping Container, it will have an RFID tag.

22. Implementation Level of Tagging – January 1, 2007 Palletized Unit Load Tag YES Pallet tag Shipping Container Exterior Container YES YES UID Item Unit Pack YES

23. The association of an active tag and the passive tag provides an improved “inside the box/pallet/container” visibility. Active Container Tag associated to a… Passive Pallet Tag associated to a… Passive Carton Tag associated to … 8 UID Packaging Tags each with 1 associated UID item

24. Passive-Active-Passive relationship across the OCONUS DoD logistics supply chain. Transportation/Supply/Theater Depots/TDCs Manufacturers/Suppliers Customers Distribution Centers/Depots POEs/PODs PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE

25. MIL-STD-129 Draft Changes • Added some definitions specific to RFID • 463L Pallet System – Intended to differentiate between a standard palletized load and the 463L • Content Level Detail – Provides information on the shipment and the associated shipment configuration • Electronic Product Code – EPC – An identification scheme for universally identifying physical objects via radio frequency • RFID – Automatic identification and data capture technology in which data transfer is achieved by means of radio waves • UID – Set of data for tangible assets that is globally unique and unambiguous

26. MIL-STD-129 Draft Changes • Provides guidance on the application/placement of the RFID tag • Suitable location where there is minimum risk of damage • Highest potential for successful RFID tag interrogation • For tags that are RFID enabled address labels they should be placed to allow easy access to the bar code symbols • Labels should not be placed over a seam • Should be right of center on a vertical face • Allowing a minimum of 2 inches from all edges • Should not be placed in a manner that overlaps any other RF transponder – at least 4 inch separation

27. MIL-STD-129 Draft Changes • Performance requirements for passive RFID tags • Portal - For palletized unit load tags and the tags on the shipping containers within the palletized load, the read distance shall be at least 3 meters at 10 miles per hour • Conveyor – For individual shipping containers, the read distance shall be at least 1 meter at 600 feet per minute • Tag data specifications and formats are referenced to the DoD Supplier’s Information Guide at: www.dodrfid.org • The DoD approved frequency range is 860-960 MHz

28. DOD Pilot Programs • Current DoD Passive RFID Initial Implementations • DLA/Army Combat Feeding Technical Demonstration • DLA Individual Protective Equipment (IPE) • Defense Depot Susquehanna, PA • Norfolk Ocean Terminal • Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune • USAF Electronic Shipping Label

29. Passive RFID - Operational Implementation Cross-docking operation at FISC Norfolk Ocean Terminal • Tracking small package shipments • Expanding to all shipments • Eliminating hand-scanning when stuffing containers • Using tag as transaction of record!

30. RFID in the Field Today

31. DOD RFID Website http://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/index.html

32. Package Markings MIL-STD-129 Linear Bar Code 39 No data identifiers 2-D Bar Code PDF417 UID Requirements not specified in MIL-STD-129P RFID in 2005? Item Markings MIL-STD-130 Linear Bar Code 39 Data Identifiers (UID) 2-D Bar Code Data Matrix UID requirements defined MIL-STD-130L RFID in 2005? Summary